Liquid–liquid droplet reactors have garnered significant interest in biochemical applications with the obvious benefits of reduced reagent consumption, well controlled droplet size and confinement of biochemical reactions away from external interference. This Tutorial Review provides a succinct overview of widely employed liquid–liquid droplet reactors, namely single emulsions, multiple emulsions and all-aqueous emulsions, under the scope of thermodynamics, with a particular emphasis on how their intrinsic interfacial properties may endow mass transport for a variety of demands. Beyond spatially compartmentalizing a thermodynamic system, the artificial interface of droplet reactors has shown initial promising for multi-step or complex reactions. Moving forward, the artificial interface shall be tailored further towards “functional” to imitate the “intelligent” interface surrounding natural vesicles or cells.

中文翻译：

---

生化应用中液-液滴反应器的热力学观点。

液-液滴反应器在生化应用中引起了极大的兴趣，其明显的好处是减少了试剂消耗，控制了液滴的大小以及限制了生化反应不受外界干扰。本教程概述简要介绍了在热力学范围内广泛使用的液-液滴反应器，即单乳液，多乳液和全水性乳液，并特别强调了它们的固有界面性质如何赋予物质传质能力。各种各样的需求。除了在空间上分隔热力学系统之外，液滴反应器的人工界面已显示出最初有望用于多步或复杂反应。向前进，