To our best knowledge this is the first study characterizing fish pathogens isolated from marine plastics from the West coast of Norway for their potential for pathogenicity using whole genome sequencing. Marine plastic polymers identified as polyethylene, polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and polypropylene, yielded a total of 37 bacterial isolates dominated by Pseudomonas spp. (70%). Six isolates representing either fish pathogens or opportunistic human pathogens were selected for whole genome sequencing (WGS). These included four isolates belonging to Aeromonas spp., one Acinetobacter beijerinckii isolate and one Morganella morganii isolate. Three Aeromonas salmonicida isolates were potentially virulent and carried virulence factors involved in attachment, type II and type VI secretion systems as well as toxins such as aerA/act, ahh1, ast, hlyA, rtxA and toxA. A. salmonicida and Acinetobacter beijerinckii carried new variants of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as β-lactamases and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catB), whereas Morganella morganii carried several clinically relevant ARGs. Our study shows that marine plastics carry not only potentially virulent fish pathogens but also multidrug resistant opportunistic human pathogens like M. morganii and may serve as vectors for transport of these pathogens in the marine environment.

中文翻译：

---

来自挪威西海岸的海洋塑料携带潜在的强毒鱼病原体和机会性人类病原体，带有抗生素抗性基因的新变体。

据我们所知，这是首次研究使用全基因组测序技术从挪威西海岸的海洋塑料中分离出鱼类病原体的潜在致病性。鉴定为聚乙烯，聚乙烯/乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和聚丙烯的船用塑料聚合物共产生了以假单胞菌属为主的37种细菌分离株。（70％）。选择了六种代表鱼类病原体或机会性人类病原体的分离株进行全基因组测序（WGS）。其中包括属于气单胞菌属的四个分离株，一个不动杆菌属拜氏菌分离株和一个摩根氏摩根氏菌分离株。三鲑气单胞菌分离株具有潜在的毒性，并带有与附件，II型和VI型分泌系统以及aerA / act，ahh1，ast，hlyA，rtxA和toxA等毒素有关的毒力因子。沙门氏菌和拜氏不动杆菌携带抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的新变体，例如β-内酰胺酶和氯霉素乙酰转移酶（catB），而摩根氏摩根氏菌携带几种临床相关的ARG。我们的研究表明，海洋塑料不仅携带潜在的强毒鱼类病原体，而且还携带多药耐药的机会性人类病原体，例如摩根摩根氏菌，并且可以作为在海洋环境中运输这些病原体的媒介。