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Flow, Sediment, and Morpho-Dynamics of River Confluence in Tidal and Non-Tidal Environments
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-07 , DOI: 10.3390/jmse8080591
Ahmed Bilal , Qiancheng Xie , Yanyan Zhai

River confluences are the key features of the drainage basins, as their hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological nature strongly influences the downstream river characteristics. The river reaches near the coastal zones, which also makes them under the influence of tidal currents in addition to their runoff. This causes a bi-directional flow and makes the study of confluences more interesting and complex in these areas. There is a reciprocal adjustment of flow, sediment, and morphology at a confluence, and its behaviors, differ greatly in tidal and non-tidal environments. Existing studies of the river junctions provide a good account of information about the hydrodynamics and bed morphology of the confluent areas, especially the unidirectional ones. The main factors which affect the flow field include the angle of confluence, flow-related ratios (velocity, discharge, and momentum) of the merging streams, and bed discordance. Hydraulically, six notable zones are identified for unidirectional confluences. However, for bi-directional (tidal) junctions, hydrodynamic zones always remain in transition but repeat in a cycle and make four different arrangements of flow features. This study discusses the hydrodynamics, sediment transport, morphological changes, and the factors affecting these processes and reviews the recent research about the confluences for these issues. All of these studies provide insights into the morpho-dynamics in tidal and non-tidal confluent areas.

中文翻译:

潮汐和非潮汐环境中河流汇流的流量,泥沙和形态动力学

河流汇合是流域的关键特征,因为它们的水文,地貌和生态特性强烈影响下游河流的特征。这条河到达沿海地区附近,这使它们除了径流外,还受到潮流的影响。这将导致双向流动,并使这些区域的融合研究更加有趣和复杂。汇合处的水流,沉积物和形态相互调节,其行为在潮汐和非潮汐环境中差异很大。现有的河道交界处的研究很好地说明了汇合区特别是单向汇合区的水动力和河床形态。影响流场的主要因素包括汇合角,合并流的流量相关比率(速度,流量和动量),以及床层不一致。在液压方面,为单向汇合确定了六个显着区域。但是,对于双向(潮汐)交汇处,流体动力区始终保持过渡状态,但以一个周期重复,并形成四种不同的流动特征布置。这项研究讨论了流体动力学,泥沙输送,形态变化,以及影响这些过程的因素,并审查了有关这些问题的汇合的最新研究。所有这些研究为潮汐和非潮汐汇合区域的形态动力学提供了见识。对于双向(潮汐)交汇处,流体动力区始终保持过渡状态,但以一个周期重复,并形成四种不同的流动特征布置。这项研究讨论了流体动力学,泥沙输送,形态变化,以及影响这些过程的因素,并审查了有关这些问题的汇合的最新研究。所有这些研究为潮汐和非潮汐汇合区域的形态动力学提供了见识。对于双向(潮汐)交汇处,流体动力区始终保持过渡状态,但以一个周期重复,并形成四种不同的流动特征布置。这项研究讨论了流体动力学,泥沙输送,形态变化,以及影响这些过程的因素,并审查了有关这些问题的汇合的最新研究。所有这些研究为潮汐和非潮汐汇合区域的形态动力学提供了见识。
更新日期:2020-08-08
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