It is known that NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y) transcription factor plays an important role in flowering time regulation and hormone response (ABA, GA) in angiosperms, but, little known in conifers. Moreover, the NF-Y gene family has not been comprehensively reported in conifers. Here, we identified 9 NF-YA, 9 NF-YB, and 10 NF-YC genes in Pinus tabuliformis using Arabidopsis NF-Y protein sequences as queries. Additionally, by comparing conserved regions and phylogenetic relationships of the PtNF-Ys, we found that NF-Ys were both conserved and altered during evolution. PtTFL2, PtCO, PtNF-YC1 and PtNF-YC4 were exploited by expression profile in male cone development and correlation analysis. Furthermore, NF-YC1/4 and DPL (DELLA protein of Pinus tabuliformis) were interacted by yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays, which suggested that NF-YC1/4 may be involved in gibberellins signaling pathway. Moreover, the multiple types of phytohormones-responsive cis-elements (ABA, JA, IAA, SA) have been found, and gene expression profile analysis showed that many NF-Y genes responded positively to SA and as opposed to IAA and JA, revealing the potential role of NF-Ys in conifers resistance. In summary, this study provided the basis for further studying the function of NF-Y genes in conifers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

---

NF-Y基因家族在油松雄性球果发育和激素处理中的全转录组分离和表达

已知核因子 Y (NF-Y) 转录因子在被子植物的开花时间调节和激素反应 (ABA, GA) 中起着重要作用，但在针叶树中鲜为人知。此外，尚未在针叶树中全面报道 NF-Y 基因家族。在这里，我们使用拟南芥 NF-Y 蛋白序列作为查询在油松中鉴定了 9 个 NF-YA、9 个 NF-YB 和 10 个 NF-YC 基因。此外，通过比较 PtNF-Ys 的保守区域和系统发育关系，我们发现 NF-Ys 在进化过程中既保守又改变。PtTFL2、PtCO、PtNF-YC1 和 PtNF-YC4 在雄性锥体发育和相关分析中被表达谱利用。此外，NF-YC1/4 和 DPL（油松的 DELLA 蛋白）通过酵母双杂交和 BiFC 测定相互作用，提示NF-YC1/4可能参与赤霉素信号通路。此外，还发现了多种植物激素响应顺式元件（ABA、JA、IAA、SA），基因表达谱分析表明，许多 NF-Y 基因对 SA 呈阳性反应，而不是对 IAA 和 JA，揭示了NF-Ys 在针叶树抗性中的潜在作用。综上所述，本研究为进一步研究针叶树中NF-Y基因的功能奠定了基础。本文受版权保护。版权所有。综上所述，本研究为进一步研究针叶树中NF-Y基因的功能奠定了基础。本文受版权保护。版权所有。综上所述，本研究为进一步研究针叶树中NF-Y基因的功能奠定了基础。本文受版权保护。版权所有。