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Emerging important roles of circRNAs in human cancer and other diseases
Genes & Diseases ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.012
Yong Huang 1 , Cai Zhang 1 , Jianli Xiong 1 , Hongtao Ren 1
Affiliation  

CircRNAs are a large class of endogenous single-stranded RNA that is different from other linear RNA, which are produced by back-splicing and fusion of either exons, introns, or both exon-intron into covalently closed loops. CircRNAs are found in almost all living organisms and have emerged as potentially important players effecting on all life activities. It was characterized by stable structure, resistant to RNA degradation, highly abundance and conservation and tissue-specific expression. Early circRNAs were ignored as a by-product of meaningless abnormally cut RNA and had little biological function. Currently, circRNAs have become a research hotspot due to its special characteristics. CircRNAs could function as miRNA sponges, interfere with splicing and bind to protein to regulate the expression of parental genes and so on. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have revealed that circRNAs are closely related to a series of physiological and pathological processes. Additionally, circRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases, suggesting circRNAs may be as novel indicators or biomarkers for cancer and other diseases with which they are associated. In this article, we review the biogenesis, biological functions of circRNAs and recent advances in circRNAs research in human diseases. Results will provide new insights on the roles and new ideas of circRNAs for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and possible directions and approach for future circRNA applications.



中文翻译:

circRNA 在人类癌症和其他疾病中的新兴重要作用

CircRNA是一类不同于其他线性RNA的内源性单链RNA,它是通过外显子、内含子或两个外显子-内含子反向剪接和融合成共价闭环而产生的。CircRNA 几乎存在于所有生物体中,并已成为影响所有生命活动的潜在重要参与者。它具有结构稳定、抗RNA降解、丰度高、保守、组织特异性表达等特点。早期的circRNA被认为是无意义的异常切割RNA的副产品,几乎没有生物学功能。目前,circRNA因其特殊的特性已成为研究热点。CircRNA可以起到miRNA海绵的作用,干扰剪接并与蛋白质结合来调节亲本基因的表达等。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,circRNA与一系列生理和病理过程密切相关。此外,circRNA在多种疾病的发生和发展中发挥着重要作用,这表明circRNA可能作为癌症和其他相关疾病的新指标或生物标志物。在本文中,我们回顾了circRNA的生物发生、生物学功能以及circRNA在人类疾病中的研究进展。研究结果将为circRNA在疾病诊断和治疗中的作用和新思路提供新的见解,以及未来circRNA应用的可能方向和方法。

更新日期:2020-08-07
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