Ionic liquids (ILs) are composed entirely of ions thus they possess unique properties, including negligible volatility, a liquid state in a broad range of temperatures and ability to change them depending on the chosen type of anion and cation, which make ILs unique and useful for many applications in sample preparation techniques. A deeper understanding of the nature of ILs and the impact of their structure on their parameters is the key to the success of conscious use of them as potential sorption media for a given purpose. This review describes the key physical and chemical properties of ILs in the context of their importance in sample preparation techniques. The review also presents selected combinations of ILs with solid-phase microextraction, SPME; single drop microextraction, SDME; dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, DLLME, in terms of the role of ILs properties in a given technique.

离子液体（ILs）完全由离子组成，因此它们具有独特的特性，包括微不足道的挥发性，在很宽的温度范围内呈液态，并具有根据所选的阴离子和阳离子类型而改变它们的能力，这使ILs独特而有用适用于样品制备技术中的许多应用。深入了解IL的性质及其结构对其参数的影响，是有意识地将它们用作特定用途的潜在吸附介质的成功关键。本文就IL在样品制备技术中的重要性来描述其关键的物理和化学性质。这篇综述还提出了ILs与固相微萃取SPME的选择组合。单滴微萃取SDME; 分散液液微萃取DLLME