Abstract Seeds with combinational dormancy have both physical (PY) and physiological (PD) dormancy. Chemical scarification and cold-moist stratification alleviate PY and PD, respectively. Therefore, we tested the effectiveness of mechanical scarification and cold-moist stratification for the release of combinational dormancy in Rhus javanica seeds to minimize the possibility of any internal damage and determine the optimal germination conditions. Mechanical scarification by a brushing machine and cold-moist stratification for 12 weeks weakened the pericarp and improved water absorption and percent germination. Prolonging mechanical scarification for up to 20 min further improved water absorption and percent germination; however, there was no significant difference in germination after 20 min (64.9%) and 40 min (63.1%) of mechanical scarification. The removal of blister-like structures in nontreated seeds by mechanical scarification enhanced water absorption. Further, cracks between the two inner pericarp cell-layers improved water absorption. Combined mechanical scarification (20 min) and cold-moist stratification (12 weeks) effectively broke combinational dormancy of R. javanica seeds and, therefore, comprise a suitable treatment for seed germination.

中文翻译：

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打破韩国鸦胆子树种子的组合休眠：机械松土和冷湿分层的影响

摘要 组合休眠的种子同时具有物理（PY）和生理（PD）休眠。化学松土和冷湿分层分别减轻 PY 和 PD。因此，我们测试了机械松土和冷湿分层对释放鸦胆树种子组合休眠的有效性，以最大限度地减少任何内部损伤的可能性并确定最佳发芽条件。刷毛机的机械松土和冷湿分层 12 周削弱了果皮并提高了吸水率和发芽率。延长机械松土时间长达 20 分钟，进一步提高了吸水率和发芽率；然而，机械松土 20 分钟 (64.9%) 和 40 分钟 (63.1%) 后的发芽没有显着差异。通过机械划痕去除未处理种子中的水泡状结构增强了吸水率。此外，两个内部果皮细胞层之间的裂缝提高了吸水率。机械松土（20 分钟）和冷湿分层（12 周）的组合有效地打破了鸦胆子树种子的组合休眠，因此是一种适合种子萌发的处理方法。