In the aftermath of WWII large amount seized German chemical munitions were dumped in the Baltic Sea by Allied forces. In this work, we have compared the chemical content of the solidified blocks of dumped WWII mustard gas collected from the Baltic Sea with solid precipitate from stored mustard gas, known as heel. We have identified the same cyclic sulfonium ions in both samples. In assessing the environmental and toxicological impact of dumped sulphur mustard munitions on the world's oceans the potential risk posed by cyclic sulphur mustard salts have so far not been incorporated.

The toxicity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1,4-dithiane and its hydrolysis product 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)- 1,4-dithiane was evaluated using three different cell lines. Their effect on released pro-inflammatory cytokines was also measured. The toxicity tests showed low toxicity and low pro-inflammatory response and we therefore conclude that the environmental threat posed by these compounds is low.

第二次世界大战后，盟军将大量缉获的德国化学弹药倾倒在波罗的海。在这项工作中，我们比较了从波罗的海收集的第二次世界大战芥末气体倾倒的凝固块的化学含量与来自存储的芥末气体（称为脚跟）的固体沉淀物的化学含量。我们已经在两个样品中鉴定出相同的环状sulf离子。在评估倾倒的硫芥末弹药对世界海洋的环境和毒理学影响时，迄今尚未考虑到环状硫芥末盐构成的潜在风险。

使用三种不同的细胞系评估了1-（2-氯乙基）-1,4-二噻吩及其水解产物1-（2-羟乙基）-1,4-二噻吩的毒性。还测量了它们对释放的促炎细胞因子的作用。毒性测试显示低毒性和低促炎反应，因此我们得出结论，这些化合物对环境的威胁很小。