Modular Building Systems (MBS) has seen an accelerating growth in the construction sector owing to its potential advantages, such as quick erection, improved energy efficiency and less reliant on good weather over conventional construction methods. Therefore, it could be a viable solution to supporting the efforts of solving Britain's housing crisis within a short duration. Construction industries and researchers are working towards better understanding MBS performance at different scales and contexts. To date, research on MBS focused on investigating the structural, social and economic, and safety performances and indicated that there are challenges (Need of lightweight materials and more access space, transportation restrictions, improving structural, fire and energy performances) associated with their use, yet to be addressed. This paper highlights how the incorporation of optimised Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) members with the slotted web can address these challenges. Hence, optimisation technique was employed to enhance the structural performance and to effectively use the given amount of material of CFS members. Lipped channel, folded-flange, and super-sigma have been optimised using the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) method and were analysed using FEM. Results showed that the flexural capacity of the optimised sections was improved by 30–65% compared to conventional CFS sections. A conceptual design of MBS was developed using the optimised CFS members, demonstrating the potential for lighter modules and thus more sustainable structures, reducing the carbon footprint. Therefore, optimisation techniques and slotted perforations would address the aforementioned challenges related to MBS, result in more economical and efficient MBS for inhabitants and construction industries.

模块化建筑系统（MBS）具有潜在的优势，例如与传统的建筑方法相比，它具有诸如快速安装，提高的能源效率和较少依赖良好天气等潜在优势，因而在建筑领域得到了加速的发展。因此，这可能是在短期​​内支持解决英国住房危机的努力的可行解决方案。建筑行业和研究人员正在努力更好地理解不同规模和环境下的MBS性能。迄今为止，对MBS的研究侧重于研究其结构，社会，经济和安全性能，并指出，与MBS的使用相关的挑战（需要轻质材料和更多的进入空间，交通限制，改善结构，防火和能源性能） ，尚待解决。本文重点介绍了如何将优化的冷弯型钢（CFS）构件与开槽腹板相结合如何应对这些挑战。因此，采用优化技术来增强结构性能并有效地使用给定数量的CFS构件材料。使用粒子群优化（PSO）方法优化了唇形通道，折边和super-sigma，并使用FEM进行了分析。结果表明，与常规CFS截面相比，优化截面的抗弯能力提高了30–65％。MBS的概念设计是使用优化的CFS构件开发的，表明了更轻的模块的潜力，从而显示了更可持续的结构，从而减少了碳足迹。因此，