Na–CO₂ batteries possess many virtues including low cost, abundant sodium-containing resources, and environment-friendly nature. Understanding the electrochemical reaction processes is fundamental for battery design and performance enhancement of Na–CO₂ batteries. Using in-situ environmental transmission electron microscopy in CO₂ gas, we directly probed the morphology evolution and phase transformations of the charge and discharge products with single Pt atom and nitride doped carbon nanotube (Pt@NCNT) cathode in a Na–CO₂ nanobattery. The discharge reaction produces Na₂CO₃ and carbon, which subsequently decomposed into Na ions and CO₂ during charge. The discharge rate was boosted with the help of the single-atom Pt catalyst. Our work provides a fundamental insight into the governing principles on Na–CO₂ battery design for better energy storage devices.

Na–CO ₂电池具有许多优点，包括低成本，丰富的含钠资源和环境友好性。了解电化学反应过程是电池设计和Na–CO ₂电池性能增强的基础。使用在原位在CO环境透射电子显微镜₂气体，我们直接探测的充电和放电产物与单铂原子和氮化物掺杂的碳纳米管（铂@ NCNT）阴极在中的Na-CO的形态演变和相变₂奈米电池。放电反应产生Na ₂ CO ₃和碳，随后分解为Na离子和CO ₂在充电过程中。借助单原子铂催化剂提高了放电速率。我们的工作为Na-CO ₂电池设计的原理提供了基本的见解，以实现更好的储能设备。