It is unknown whether the flavonoid rutin can protect the silver catfish liver in response to exposure to a known stressor, such as the prophylactic usage of the antimicrobial agent oxytetracycline. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the effect of rutin incorporation into the silver catfish diet formulation on oxytetracycline-induced liver oxidative stress and apoptosis. Fish were split into four groups as follows: control, rutin (1.5 g kg diet⁻¹), oxytetracycline (0.1 g kg diet⁻¹) and rutin+oxytetracycline (1.5 g kg diet⁻¹ and 0.1 g kg diet⁻¹, respectively). After two weeks of feeding with the different diets (standard, rutin-, oxytetracycline and rutin+oxytetracycline-added diets), fish were euthanized to collect the liver. Although the rutin-added diet was unable to recover glutathione peroxidase activity, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, which were depleted due to oxytetracycline consumption, it markedly diminished the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content, thus decreasing the GSSG to GSH ratio, an important index of oxidative stress. It also increased glutathione reductase and markedly augmented glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, which were declined after oxytetracycline ingestion. Furthermore, the rutin-added diet reestablished superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and reduced lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and superoxide anion levels as well, all changes resulting from oxytetracycline consumption. Finally, it also prevented oxytetracycline-induced apoptosis through increasing heat shock protein 70 and markedly decreasing high mobility group box 1 and, consequently, reducing cleaved caspase-3 protein levels. Therefore, in conclusion, the incorporation of this flavonoid to the silver catfish diet protected the liver against oxytetracycline-induced liver oxidative stress and apoptosis.

黄酮类芦丁是否可以响应已知的应激源（例如预防性使用抗菌药物土霉素）来保护cycl鱼银肝。因此，当前的研究旨在评估芦丁掺入银cat鱼饲料配方中对土霉素诱导的肝脏氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响。将鱼分为以下四类：对照组，芦丁（1.5 g kg日粮^-1），土霉素（0.1 g kg日粮^-1）和芦丁+土霉素（1.5 g kg日粮^-1和0.1 g kg日粮^-1）， 分别）。用不同饮食（标准饮食，芦丁，土霉素和芦丁+土霉素）喂养两周后，对鱼实施安乐死以收集肝脏。尽管添加芦丁的饮食无法恢复谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性，抗坏血酸和降低的谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平（由于土霉素消耗而减少），但显着降低了氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）的含量，从而降低了GSSG与GSH的比率，氧化应激的重要指标。它也增加了谷胱甘肽还原酶并显着增加了葡萄糖6-磷酸脱氢酶的活性，这些酶在土霉素摄入后下降。此外，添加芦丁的饮食可恢复超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，并降低脂质过氧化，一氧化氮和超氧阴离子水平，土霉素消耗引起的所有变化。最后，它还通过增加热激蛋白70并显着降低高迁移率族1框，从而降低了切割的caspase-3蛋白水平，来防止土霉素诱导的细胞凋亡。因此，总而言之，将这种类黄酮掺入银cat鱼饮食中可以保护肝脏免受土霉素诱导的肝脏氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响。