Three experiments were conducted with pigeons to assess discriminated periods of nonreinforcement as precipitators of resurgence. Each experiment occurred in three phases. In the Training phase, key-pecking was reinforced according to variable-interval schedules that alternated between two response keys (Experiment 1) or were concurrently available on two response keys (Experiments 2a & 2b). In the Alternative-Reinforcement phase, responding to one key was extinguished, while that to the other was reinforced according to tandem schedules. These then were replaced by chained schedules with the same programmed reinforcement rate in the Resurgence-Test phase. Resurgence occurred both when the signaled period of nonreinforcement was a darkened keylight in the terminal link of the chain schedule (Experiment 1) and a darkened keylight (Experiment 2a) or keylight color change (Experiment 2b) in the initial link of the chain schedule. Thus, signaled periods of extinction, without accompanying reductions in reinforcement rate, precipitated resurgence, suggesting that resurgence is not the result of worsening of overall reinforcement conditions, but also occurs when local conditions of reinforcement are worsened.

中文翻译：

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在没有替代强化整体恶化的情况下复苏

用鸽子进行了三个实验，以评估作为复苏的促成因素的非强化期。每个实验分三个阶段进行。在训练阶段，根据在两个响应键之间交替（实验 1）或在两个响应键上同时可用（实验 2a 和 2b）的可变间隔时间表加强了键啄。在替代强化阶段，对一个键的响应被熄灭，而对另一个键的响应则根据串联时间表得到加强。然后，在 Resurgence-Test 阶段，这些计划被具有相同编程强化率的链式计划所取代。当非强化的信号周期是链表的末端链接中的暗键光（实验 1）和链表的初始链接中的暗键光（实验 2a）或键光颜色变化（实验 2b）时，都会发生回潮。因此，有信号的灭绝期，不伴随强化率的降低，促进了复苏，这表明复苏不是整体强化条件恶化的结果，而是在局部强化条件恶化时发生。