Compared to healthy controls (HCs), individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit more symptoms of sensory processing disorder (SPD), which is associated with difficulties in educational and social activities. Most studies examining comorbid SPD-ADHD have been conducted with children and have not explored relations to brain volumes. In this pilot study, we assessed a subtype of SPD, sensory modulation disorder (SMD), and its relation to select brain volumes in adults with ADHD. We administered part of the Sensory Processing 3-Dimensions Scale (SP3D) to assess subtypes of SMD and collected structural imaging scans from 25 adults with ADHD and 29 healthy controls (HCs). Relative to HCs, subjects with ADHD scored higher on sensory craving (SC) and sensory under-responsivity (SUR) subscales. Although sensory over-responsivity (SOR) was marginally higher, this was no longer true when accounting for co-occurring anxiety. In individuals with ADHD, both SC and SUR were positively associated with amygdalar volume, SUR was also positively associated with striatal volume, whereas SOR was negatively associated with posterior ventral diencephalon volume. These preliminary findings suggest that SC and SUR may be characteristic of ADHD while SOR may be driven by co-occurring anxiety. Because different modalities were associated with different brain volumes, our findings also suggest that the modalities may involve unique neural circuits, but with a partial overlap between SC and SUR. These pilot data provide support for conducting studies examining SMD in larger samples of adults with ADHD to determine reproducibility, applicability and implications of these findings.

与健康对照（HC）相比，患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的个体表现出更多的感觉处理障碍（SPD）症状，这与教育和社交活动的困难有关。大多数检查 SPD-ADHD 共病的研究都是针对儿童进行的，并未探讨与脑容量的关系。在这项试点研究中，我们评估了 SPD 的一种亚型，即感觉调节障碍 (SMD)，及其与 ADHD 成人特定脑容量的关系。我们使用感觉处理三维量表 (SP3D) 的一部分来评估 SMD 亚型，并收集了 25 名 ADHD 成人和 29 名健康对照 (HC) 的结构成像扫描。相对于 HC，患有 ADHD 的受试者在感官渴望 (SC) 和感官反应不足 (SUR) 子量表上得分更高。尽管感觉过度反应（SOR）略高，但考虑到同时发生的焦虑时，情况不再如此。在 ADHD 个体中，SC 和 SUR 均与杏仁核体积呈正相关，SUR 也与纹状体体积呈正相关，而 SOR 与后腹侧间脑体积呈负相关。这些初步研究结果表明，SC 和 SUR 可能是 ADHD 的特征，而 SOR 可能是由同时发生的焦虑驱动的。由于不同的模式与不同的脑容量相关，我们的研究结果还表明，这些模式可能涉及独特的神经回路，但 SC 和 SUR 之间有部分重叠。这些试点数据为在更大的 ADHD 成人样本中进行 SMD 检验研究提供了支持，以确定这些研究结果的可重复性、适用性和影响。