An explanation of processes occurring during preparation of high-density micro- and nanogranular ceramics without using external pressure on the basis of published data is proposed. It is well known that pore growth commences after the start of transition of open into closed pores that begins with about 30 % open porosity. It is necessary to maintain open pores to the maximum possible sintered ceramic overall density. The article describes different methods of ceramic sintering making it possible to prepare high-density pore-free ceramics.

中文翻译：

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高密度微米和纳米粒度陶瓷。从开放到封闭的毛孔过渡。第3部分。无外部压力的工件烧结1

根据公开的数据，提出了在不使用外部压力的情况下制备高密度微米和纳米颗粒陶瓷过程中发生的过程的解释。众所周知，孔的生长开始于开孔向闭合孔的过渡开始，开孔以约30％的开孔率开始。必须保持开孔至最大可能的烧结陶瓷整体密度。本文介绍了不同的陶瓷烧结方法，这些方法可以制备高密度的无孔陶瓷。