Selective logging has been commonly mapped using binary maps, representing logged and unlogged forests. However, binary maps may fall short regarding the optimum representation of this type of disturbance, as tree harvest in tropical forests can be highly heterogeneous. The objective of this study is to map forest disturbance intensities in areas of selective logging located in the Brazilian Amazon. Selective logging activities were mapped in ten forest management units using Sentinel-2 data at 10 m resolution. A spatial pattern analysis was applied to the logging map, using a moving window approach with different window sizes. Two landscape metrics were used to derive a forest disturbance intensity map. This map was then compared with actual disturbances using field data and a post-harvest forest recovery analysis. Disturbed areas were grouped into five distinct disturbance intensity classes, from very low to very high. Classes high and very high were found to be related to log landings and large felling gaps, while very low intensities were mainly related to isolated disturbance types. The post-harvest forest recovery analysis showed that the five classes can be clearly distinguished from one another, with the clearest differences in the year of logging and one year after it. The approach described represents an important step towards a better mapping of selectively logged areas, when compared to the use of binary maps. The disturbance intensity classes could be used as indicators for forest monitoring as well as for further evaluation of areas under forest management.

中文翻译：

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伐木相关干扰事件的空间模式：巴西亚马逊森林经营单位的多尺度分析

选择性采伐通常使用二进制映射进行映射，代表已采伐和未采伐的森林。然而，二值图可能无法最佳表示这种类型的干扰，因为热带森林中的树木收获可能是高度异质的。本研究的目的是绘制位于巴西亚马逊地区的选择性采伐地区的森林干扰强度图。使用分辨率为 10 m 的 Sentinel-2 数据在 10 个森林管理单位中绘制了选择性伐木活动。使用具有不同窗口大小的移动窗口方法，将空间模式分析应用于测井图。两个景观指标用于推导森林干扰强度图。然后使用现场数据和收获后森林恢复分析将该地图与实际干扰进行比较。受干扰地区分为五个不同的干扰强度等级，从非常低到非常高。发现高和非常高的等级与原木着陆和大的采伐间隙有关，而非常低的强度主要与孤立的干扰类型有关。采后森林恢复分析表明，5个等级可以明显区分，采伐年份和采伐后一年的差异最为明显。与使用二进制地图相比，所描述的方法代表了朝着更好地映射选择性记录区域迈出的重要一步。干扰强度等级可用作森林监测指标以及森林管理区域的进一步评估。发现高和非常高的等级与原木着陆和大的采伐间隙有关，而非常低的强度主要与孤立的干扰类型有关。采后森林恢复分析表明，5个等级可以明显区分，采伐年份和采伐后一年的差异最为明显。与使用二进制地图相比，所描述的方法代表了朝着更好地映射选择性记录区域迈出的重要一步。干扰强度等级可用作森林监测指标以及森林管理区域的进一步评估。发现高和非常高的等级与原木着陆和大的采伐间隙有关，而非常低的强度主要与孤立的干扰类型有关。采后森林恢复分析表明，5个等级可以明显区分，采伐年份和采伐后一年的差异最为明显。与使用二进制地图相比，所描述的方法代表了朝着更好地映射选择性记录区域迈出的重要一步。干扰强度等级可用作森林监测指标以及森林管理区域的进一步评估。采后森林恢复分析表明，5个等级可以明显区分，采伐年份和采伐后一年的差异最为明显。与使用二进制地图相比，所描述的方法代表了朝着更好地映射选择性记录区域迈出的重要一步。干扰强度等级可用作森林监测指标以及森林管理区域的进一步评估。采后森林恢复分析表明，5个等级可以明显区分，采伐年份和采伐后一年的差异最为明显。与使用二进制地图相比，所描述的方法代表了朝着更好地映射选择性记录区域迈出的重要一步。干扰强度等级可用作森林监测指标以及森林管理区域的进一步评估。