Day by day, the water sources are increasingly being adulterated due to various reasons including the uncontrolled discharge of pollutants from the point and nonpoint sources. Therefore, it is a timely need to develop suitable, inexpensive and efficient treatment techniques for water purification. This review aims at evaluating different water treatment technologies, their basic principles, cost and suitability for pollutants’ removal from wastewater. Among various water treatment technologies, adsorption technique appears to be techno-economically more attractive due to its inexpensiveness, universality and environment friendliness. Here, wide varieties of adsorbents (silica gel, activated alumina, clays, limestone, chitosan, activated carbon, zeolite, etc.) and their capacities for pollutant removal are described. The limitations of conventional adsorbent applications for water treatment are also discussed. Recently, nanotechnology has introduced nanoadsorbents, which have drawn additional attention due to their unique properties and are considered to be the viable alternative to conventional adsorbents. The potential applications, separation and regeneration of nanoadsorbents for wastewater treatment are also included in this review. Furthermore, prospects including commercial and health aspects of nanoadsorbents are also added.

中文翻译：

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用于废水处理的纳米吸附剂：下一代生物技术解决方案

由于各种原因，包括点源和非点源污染物的不受控制的排放，水源日益被掺假。因此，迫切需要开发合适的，廉价的和有效的水净化处理技术。这篇综述旨在评估不同的水处理技术，其基本原理，成本以及从废水中去除污染物的适用性。在各种水处理技术中，吸附技术因其价格便宜，通用性和环境友好性而在技术经济上似乎更具吸引力。在此，描述了各种各样的吸附剂（硅胶，活性氧化铝，粘土，石灰石，壳聚糖，活性炭，沸石等）及其去除污染物的能力。还讨论了常规吸附剂在水处理中的局限性。近年来，纳米技术已经引入了纳米吸附剂，由于其独特的性能，纳米吸附剂引起了人们的更多关注，并且被认为是常规吸附剂的可行替代品。该评价还包括用于废水处理的纳米吸附剂的潜在应用，分离和再生。此外，还增加了包括纳米吸附剂的商业和健康方面的前景。该评价还包括用于废水处理的纳米吸附剂的分离和再生。此外，还增加了包括纳米吸附剂的商业和健康方面的前景。该评价还包括用于废水处理的纳米吸附剂的分离和再生。此外，还增加了包括纳米吸附剂的商业和健康方面的前景。