The Monteiro is a feral pig found in the Brazilian Pantanal ecosystem. The goal of this research is to generate data and knolewdge related to animal populations wich can be used for management and development of an in vitro conservation program for animal resourses at Pantanal ecosystem. The present study evaluated animals sampled from 10 distinct locations within the region, using 19 microsatellite markers (N = 189) and the control region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (N = 392). Low genetic differences were found between populations with the microsatellite data. The FST range was between 0.009 and 0.063 (p-value < 0.05). The Mantel test corroborated with previous results, as low correlations between genetic and geographic distances were observed (r2 = 0.2309, p = 0.06). Bayesian analysis for genetic structure identification placed the Monteiro pigs into three main clusters (MOB, Pop 1 and all others Pantanal populations). Most of the Monteiro pigs share a single European haplotype as seen by mtDNA analyses. This haplotype is not exclusive, as it is shared with other swine populations (commercial and other locally adapted breeds). Monteiro populations from different geographic locations within Pantanal are not isolated and can be considered as a large unique population. Since animals roam freely to seek food and water, or even due to seasonal flooding of their habitat, the Monteiro populations presented absence of major genetic structure and evidence of high gene flow. These results can be used to create a management plan and in situ and ex situ conservation program for conservation and use of the Monteiro breed in the Pantanal ecosystem.

中文翻译：

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巴西潘塔纳尔生态系统中野生蒙泰罗猪的系统地理学

Monteiro 是一种在巴西潘塔纳尔湿地生态系统中发现的野猪。这项研究的目标是生成与动物种群相关的数据和知识，可用于管理和开发潘塔纳尔生态系统动物资源的体外保护计划。本研究使用 19 个微卫星标记 (N = 189) 和线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 控制区 (N = 392)，评估了从该地区 10 个不同位置取样的动物。在具有微卫星数据的种群之间发现低遗传差异。FST 范围介于 0.009 和 0.063 之间（p 值 < 0.05）。Mantel 测试证实了之前的结果，因为观察到遗传距离和地理距离之间的相关性较低（r2 = 0.2309，p = 0.06）。用于遗传结构鉴定的贝叶斯分析将 Monteiro 猪分为三个主要集群（MOB、Pop 1 和所有其他 Pantanal 种群）。从 mtDNA 分析可以看出，大多数 Monteiro 猪都具有单一的欧洲单倍型。这种单倍型并不是唯一的，因为它与其他猪群（商业和其他适应当地的品种）共享。潘塔纳尔湿地内不同地理位置的蒙泰罗种群并不是孤立的，可以被视为一个庞大的独特种群。由于动物自由漫游寻找食物和水，甚至由于其栖息地的季节性洪水，蒙泰罗种群缺乏主要的遗传结构和高基因流动的证据。