Metal nanostructures have attracted much attention in biomedical, plasmonic, hydrogen storage, and high-energy battery applications. However, the synthesis of various nanostructures of highly reactive elements (e.g. Mg) is still a difficult task and no single-approach has been reported for synthesizing such nanostructures. In this work, we produced magnesium nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires (NWs) and nanoneedles (NNs) in a single-approach, based on thermal evaporation without any carrier gas. Importantly, we employed rapid heating and cooling via a rapid thermal processing (RTP) furnace to control the nucleation and growth of nanostructures. The testing of Zn and Mg–Zn nanostructures was done to validate our approach and design for other metals and bimetallics. Interestingly, Cu and Ag nanoparticles were produced from metal salts (metal acetates and nitrates) with a reasonable control. The tuning of various nanostructures was possible by interplaying (i) with the curvature/outer diameter of the quartz bottle used for evaporation and (ii) by varying the position of the substrates. More specifically, the curvature of the quartz bottle increased the vapour collisions and effectively reduced the thermal energy of the vapour. Altogether, this favoured the control and confinement of vapour onto substrates and achieved supersaturation. Simultaneously, it led to the formation of various nanostructures without any carrier gas. The presented experimental set up is a versatile, simple, single-step and cost-effective solution for producing high-quality nanostructures.

中文翻译：

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蒸气限制作为制造金属和双金属纳米结构的策略

金属纳米结构在生物医学、等离子体、储氢和高能电池应用中引起了广泛关注。然而，高活性元素（例如镁）的各种纳米结构的合成仍然是一项艰巨的任务，并且尚未报道合成此类纳米结构的单一方法。在这项工作中，我们基于热蒸发，在没有任何载气的情况下，通过单一方法生产了镁纳米粒子（NP）、纳米线（NW）和纳米针（NN）。重要的是，我们通过快速热处理（RTP）炉进行快速加热和冷却来控制纳米结构的成核和生长。对 Zn 和 Mg-Zn 纳米结构的测试是为了验证我们针对其他金属和双金属的方法和设计。有趣的是，铜和银纳米粒子是由金属盐（金属乙酸盐和硝酸盐）在合理控制下生产的。通过（i）与用于蒸发的石英瓶的曲率/外径相互作用和（ii）通过改变基板的位置，可以调节各种纳米结构。更具体地说，石英瓶的曲率增加了蒸气碰撞，有效降低了蒸气的热能。总而言之，这有利于对蒸汽的控制和限制在基材上并实现过饱和。同时，它导致在没有任何载气的情况下形成各种纳米结构。所提出的实验装置是一种多功能、简单、单步且经济高效的解决方案，用于生产高质量的纳米结构。