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Alveolitis in severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is driven by self-sustaining circuits between infected alveolar macrophages and T cells
bioRxiv - Immunology Pub Date : 2020-08-07 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.05.238188
Rogan A. Grant , Luisa Morales-Nebreda , Nikolay S. Markov , Suchitra Swaminathan , Estefany R. Guzman , Darryl A. Abbott , Helen K. Donnelly , Alvaro Donayre , Isaac A. Goldberg , Zasu M. Klug , Nicole Borkowski , Ziyan Lu , Hermon Kihshen , Yuliya Politanska , Lango Sichizya , Mengjia Kang , Ali Shilatifard , Chao Qi , A. Christine Argento , Jacqueline M. Kruser , Elizabeth S. Malsin , Chiagozie O. Pickens , Sean Smith , James M. Walter , Anna E. Pawlowski , Daniel Schneider , Prasanth Nannapaneni , Hiam Abdala-Valencia , Ankit Bharat , Cara J. Gottardi , GR Scott Budinger , Alexander V. Misharin , Benjamin D. Singer , Richard G. Wunderink ,

Some patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop severe pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Distinct clinical features in these patients have led to speculation that the immune response to virus in the SARS-CoV-2-infected alveolus differs from other types of pneumonia. We collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 86 patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory failure and 252 patients with known or suspected pneumonia from other pathogens and subjected them to flow cytometry and bulk transcriptomic profiling. We performed single cell RNA-Seq in 5 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples collected from patients with severe COVID-19 within 48 hours of intubation. In the majority of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the onset of mechanical ventilation, the alveolar space is persistently enriched in alveolar macrophages and T cells without neutrophilia. Bulk and single cell transcriptomic profiling suggest SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar macrophages that respond by recruiting T cells. These T cells release interferon-gamma to induce inflammatory cytokine release from alveolar macrophages and further promote T cell recruitment. Our results suggest SARS-CoV-2 causes a slowly unfolding, spatially-limited alveolitis in which alveolar macrophages harboring SARS-CoV-2 transcripts and T cells form a positive feedback loop that drives progressive alveolar inflammation. This manuscript is accompanied by an online resource: https://www.nupulmonary.org/covid-19/ .

中文翻译:

严重 SARS-CoV-2 肺炎中的肺泡炎是由感染的肺泡巨噬细胞和 T 细胞之间的自我维持回路驱动的

一些感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的患者会发展为重症肺炎和急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)。这些患者的不同临床特征导致人们推测,感染 SARS-CoV-2 的肺泡对病毒的免疫反应不同于其他类型的肺炎。我们收集了 86 名 SARS-CoV-2 诱发的呼吸衰竭患者和 252 名已知或疑似其他病原体肺炎患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液样本,并对他们进行了流式细胞术和批量转录组分析。我们在插管后 48 小时内对从重症 COVID-19 患者采集的 5 份支气管肺泡灌洗液样本进行了单细胞 RNA-Seq。在大多数机械通气开始时感染 SARS-CoV-2 的患者中,肺泡腔内持续富含肺泡巨噬细胞和 T 细胞,无中性粒细胞增多。大量和单细胞转录组分析表明 SARS-CoV-2 感染肺泡巨噬细胞,这些巨噬细胞通过募集 T 细胞作出反应。这些 T 细胞释放干扰素-γ 以诱导肺泡巨噬细胞释放炎性细胞因子并进一步促进 T 细胞募集。我们的研究结果表明,SARS-CoV-2 会导致缓慢展开、空间受限的肺泡炎,其中含有 SARS-CoV-2 转录物和 T 细胞的肺泡巨噬细胞形成一个正反馈回路,驱动进行性肺泡炎症。本手稿附有在线资源:https://www.nupulmonary.org/covid-19/。大量和单细胞转录组分析表明 SARS-CoV-2 感染肺泡巨噬细胞,这些巨噬细胞通过募集 T 细胞作出反应。这些 T 细胞释放干扰素-γ 以诱导肺泡巨噬细胞释放炎性细胞因子并进一步促进 T 细胞募集。我们的研究结果表明,SARS-CoV-2 会导致缓慢展开、空间受限的肺泡炎,其中含有 SARS-CoV-2 转录物和 T 细胞的肺泡巨噬细胞形成一个正反馈回路,驱动进行性肺泡炎症。本手稿附有在线资源:https://www.nupulmonary.org/covid-19/。大量和单细胞转录组分析表明 SARS-CoV-2 感染肺泡巨噬细胞,这些巨噬细胞通过募集 T 细胞作出反应。这些 T 细胞释放干扰素-γ 以诱导肺泡巨噬细胞释放炎性细胞因子并进一步促进 T 细胞募集。我们的研究结果表明,SARS-CoV-2 会导致缓慢展开、空间受限的肺泡炎,其中含有 SARS-CoV-2 转录物和 T 细胞的肺泡巨噬细胞形成一个正反馈回路,驱动进行性肺泡炎症。本手稿附有在线资源:https://www.nupulmonary.org/covid-19/。我们的研究结果表明,SARS-CoV-2 会导致缓慢展开的、空间受限的肺泡炎,其中含有 SARS-CoV-2 转录物和 T 细胞的肺泡巨噬细胞形成一个正反馈回路,驱动进行性肺泡炎症。本手稿附有在线资源:https://www.nupulmonary.org/covid-19/。我们的研究结果表明,SARS-CoV-2 会导致缓慢展开的、空间受限的肺泡炎,其中含有 SARS-CoV-2 转录物和 T 细胞的肺泡巨噬细胞形成一个正反馈回路,驱动进行性肺泡炎症。本手稿附有在线资源:https://www.nupulmonary.org/covid-19/。
更新日期:2020-08-08
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