Cytoplasmic RNA granules compartmentalize phases of the translation cycle. We previously reported on the localization of oxidized RNA in human cells to cytoplasmic foci called oxidized RNA bodies (ORBs). Oxidized mRNAs are substrates of translation quality control, wherein defective mRNAs and nascent polypeptides are released from stalled ribosomes and targeted for degradation. Therefore, we asked whether ORBs compartmentalize translation quality control. Here, we identify ORBs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterize them using fluorescence microscopy and proteomics. ORBs are RNA granules that are distinct from processing bodies and stress granules. Several lines of evidence support a role of ORBs in the compartmentalization of central steps in the translation quality control pathways No-Go mRNA decay and ribosome quality control. Active translation is required by both translation quality control and ORBs. ORBs contain two substrates of translation quality control: oxidized RNA and a stalled mRNA-ribosome-nascent chain complex. Translation quality control factors localize to ORBs. Translation quality control mutants have altered ORB number per cell, size, or both. Therefore, ORBs are an intracellular hub of translational quality control.

中文翻译：

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氧化的RNA体分隔酿酒酵母的翻译质量控制

细胞质RNA颗粒分隔翻译循环的各个阶段。我们先前曾报道过人类细胞中氧化的RNA在称为氧化RNA体（ORB）的细胞质灶中的定位。氧化的mRNA是翻译质量控制的底物，其中有缺陷的mRNA和新生多肽从停滞的核糖体中释放出来并靶向降解。因此，我们询问ORB是否划分翻译质量控制。在这里，我们确定酿酒酵母中的ORB，并使用荧光显微镜和蛋白质组学对其进行表征。ORB是不同于加工体和应力颗粒的RNA颗粒。几条证据支持ORB在翻译质量控制途径中中心步骤的区室化中的作用，即No-Go mRNA衰减和核糖体质量控制。翻译质量控制和ORB均要求进行主动翻译。ORB包含两种翻译质量控制底物：氧化的RNA和停滞的mRNA-核糖体-新生链复合物。翻译质量控制因素仅限于ORB。翻译质量控制突变体已改变了每个细胞的ORB数量，大小或两者都有。因此，ORB是翻译质量控制的细胞内枢纽。