Abstract Potato virus Y (PVY) is a destructive plant pathogen that causes considerable losses to global potato and tobacco production. Although the molecular structure of PVY is well characterized, the evolutionary and global transmission dynamics of this virus remain poorly understood. We investigated the phylodynamics of the virus by analysing 253 nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the third protein (P3), cylindrical inclusion protein (CI), and the nuclear inclusion protein (NIb). Our Bayesian phylogenetic analyses showed that the mean substitution rates of different regions of the genome ranged from 8.50 × 10−5 to 1.34 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year, whereas the time to the most recent common ancestor of PVY varied with the length of the genomic regions and with the number of viral isolates being analysed. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that the PVY population originated in South America and was introduced into Europe in the 19th century, from where it spread around the globe. The migration pathways of PVY correlate well with the trade routes of potato tubers, suggesting that the global spread of PVY is associated with human activities.

中文翻译：

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马铃薯Y病毒的进化史和全球时空动态

摘要 马铃薯 Y 病毒 (PVY) 是一种破坏性的植物病原体，对全球马铃薯和烟草生产造成相当大的损失。尽管 PVY 的分子结构已得到充分表征，但对该病毒的进化和全球传播动态仍知之甚少。我们通过分析编码第三种蛋白 (P3)、圆柱形包涵体蛋白 (CI) 和核包涵体蛋白 (NIb) 的基因的 253 个核苷酸序列来研究病毒的系统动力学。我们的贝叶斯系统发育分析表明，基因组不同区域的平均替代率范围从 8.50 × 10−5 到 1.34 × 10−4 替代/位点/年，而 PVY 最近共同祖先的时间随长度变化基因组区域的数量以及正在分析的病毒分离株的数量。我们的系统地理学分析表明，PVY 种群起源于南美洲，并于 19 世纪引入欧洲，并从那里传播到全球。PVY 的迁移路径与马铃薯块茎的贸易路线密切相关，表明 PVY 的全球传播与人类活动有关。