Abstract

As a major health issue, obesity is linked with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. However, whether disrupted glucose homeostasis is due to altered body composition alone, or whether dietary macronutrients play an additional role, independent of their impact on body composition, remains unclear. We investigated the associations between macronutrients, body composition, blood hormones and glucose homeostasis. We fed C57BL/6N mice 29 different diets with variable macronutrients for 12 weeks. After 10 weeks, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed. Generalized linear models were generated to evaluate the impacts of macronutrients, body composition and blood hormones on glucose homeostasis. The area under the glucose curve (AUC) was strongly associated with body fat mass, but not dietary macronutrients. AUC was significantly associated with fasting insulin levels. Six genes from transcriptomic analysis of epididymal white adipose tissue and subcutaneous white adipose tissue were significantly associated with AUC. These genes may encode secreted proteins that play important previously unanticipated roles in glucose homeostasis.

中文翻译：

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膳食宏量营养素和身体成分对小鼠葡萄糖稳态的影响

摘要

作为一个主要的健康问题，肥胖与 2 型糖尿病的风险升高有关。然而，破坏葡萄糖稳态是否仅仅是由于身体成分的改变，或者膳食常量营养素是否发挥了额外的作用，独立于它们对身体成分的影响，尚不清楚。我们调查了常量营养素、身体成分、血液激素和葡萄糖稳态之间的关联。我们为 C57BL/6N 小鼠喂食了 29 种不同的含有可变常量营养素的饮食 12 周。10周后，进行腹腔葡萄糖耐量试验。生成广义线性模型以评估常量营养素、身体成分和血液激素对葡萄糖稳态的影响。葡萄糖曲线下面积 (AUC) 与体脂量密切相关，但与膳食常量营养素无关。AUC 与空腹胰岛素水平显着相关。来自附睾白色脂肪组织和皮下白色脂肪组织的转录组学分析的六个基因与 AUC 显着相关。这些基因可能编码分泌蛋白，这些蛋白在葡萄糖稳态中发挥着以前未曾预料到的重要作用。