Abstract Limited information is available to evaluate optimal growth in Toy Poodles. This work aimed at comparing three growth curves, proposing centile charts and developing a model to estimate the adult body weight (BW) in Toy Poodles. A total of 65 puppies (male = 30, female = 35) born in the same breeding centre were used. BW at birth and, weekly BW, for 53 weeks, BW of parents, litter size, type of management, daily activity and neutering were recorded. Forty-six puppies were sold, and their data were reported by the new owners. Three growth curves (i.e. Hawthorne, Brody and Gompertz) were constructed and compared; Linear Mixed Models including demographic characteristics and management habits were built. The BW at birth was 154 ± 35 g and adult BW was 3208 ± 860 g. Based on the goodness-of-fit and accuracy indices, Gompertz was the best growth model and was selected to plot centile curves based on sex. Toy Poodles achieved 50% of their adult weight at 11–12 weeks, with an overall growth rate of 11.8%. Adult BW was affected by birth BW (p < .01), sex (p < .05) and mother’s BW (p < .01) and their effects varied depending on the age. Extrinsic factors, including litter size, type of management and daily activity were less significant, probably due to the standardised and high-level management of these Toy Poodles. These new and applicable tools for monitoring the growth and predicting adult BW could be useful for veterinarians, breeders and owners for early diagnosis of poor health and welfare. Subject classification codes: companion animals sections Highlights Performance of three logistic models for describing the growth curve in Italian Toy Poodles were compared Based on the goodness of fit and accuracy indices, Gompertz was the best growth model The centile growth curves were constructed for males and females using the Gompertz Adult body weight (BW) was mainly affected by the sex and birth BW, and less by BW of the parents and litter size Monitoring BW of puppies may be useful to enhance their health and welfare

中文翻译：

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玩具贵宾犬不同年龄的非线性生长模型及影响体重的因素比较

摘要 有限的信息可用于评估玩具贵宾犬的最佳生长。这项工作旨在比较三种生长曲线，提出百分位图表并开发模型来估计玩具贵宾犬的成年体重 (BW)。共使用在同一繁殖中心出生的65只幼犬（雄性= 30，雌性= 35）。出生时的体重和每周 53 周的体重，记录父母的体重、窝产仔数、管理类型、日常活动和绝育。出售了 46 只小狗，新主人报告了它们的数据。构建并比较了三种生长曲线（即 Hawthorne、Brody 和 Gompertz）；建立了包括人口特征和管理习惯在内的线性混合模型。出生时的体重为 154 ± 35 g，成人体重为 3208 ± 860 g。基于拟合优度和准确度指标，Gompertz 是最好的增长模型，并被选中绘制基于性别的百分位曲线。玩具贵宾犬在 11-12 周时达到其成年体重的 50%，总体增长率为 11.8%。成人体重受出生体重 (p < .01)、性别 (p < .05) 和母亲体重 (p < .01) 的影响，其影响因年龄而异。外在因素，包括窝产仔数、管理类型和日常活动不太重要，可能是由于这些玩具贵宾犬的标准化和高水平管理。这些用于监测生长和预测成年 BW 的新的适用工具可能对兽医、饲养员和所有者的健康和福利状况不佳的早期诊断有用。学科分类代码：