Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment is becoming a new hope for cancer treatment. However, most prostate cancer (PCa) patients do not benefit from it. In order to achieve the accuracy of ICIs treatment in PCa and reduce unnecessary costs for patients, we have analyzed the data from TCGA database to find a indicator that can assist the choice of treatment. By analyzing the data of PCa patients with TMB analysis and immune infiltration analysis, we found the expression of immune cells in different immune infiltration groups. Commonly used markers of ICIs, expressed on CD8+ T cell, were highly expressed in the high immune group. Then we used the forimmune cytolytic activity (CYT) to determine its relationship with the target of ICIs treatment. Through the analysis of CYT score and the ligands of immune checkpoints, we found that there was a significant correlation between them. With the increase of CYT score, the expression of CD80/86, PD-L1/L2, TNFSF14, and LGALS9 also increased gradually. Similarly, CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in the CYT high group compared with the CYT low group in PRAD. The present research provides novel insights into the immune microenvironment of PRAD and potential immunotherapies. The proposed CYT score is a clinically promising indicator that can serve as a marker to assist anti-PD-L1 or other ICIs treatment. At the same time, it also provides a basis for the selection of other immune checkpoint drugs.

中文翻译：

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免疫细胞溶解活性作为前列腺癌免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的指标

免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）治疗正在成为癌症治疗的新希望。然而，大多数前列腺癌 (PCa) 患者并未从中受益。为了达到PCa中ICIs治疗的准确性，降低患者不必要的成本，我们分析了TCGA数据库中的数据，寻找可以辅助治疗选择的指标。通过TMB分析和免疫浸润分析对PCa患者的数据进行分析，我们发现了不同免疫浸润组中免疫细胞的表达。在 CD8+ T 细胞上表达的常用 ICI 标志物在高免疫组中高度表达。然后我们使用免疫细胞溶解活性（CYT）来确定其与ICIs治疗靶点的关系。通过CYT评分和免疫检查点配体分析，我们发现它们之间存在显着的相关性。随着CYT评分的增加，CD80/86、PD-L1/L2、TNFSF14和LGALS9的表达也逐渐增加。类似地，与 PRAD 中 CYT 低组相比，CYT 高组的 CD8+ T 细胞显着增加。目前的研究为 PRAD 的免疫微环境和潜在的免疫疗法提供了新的见解。拟议的 CYT 评分是一个临床上有前景的指标，可以作为辅助抗 PD-L1 或其他 ICI 治疗的标志物。同时，也为其他免疫检查点药物的选择提供了依据。与 CYT 低组相比，PRAD 中 CYT 高组的 CD8+ T 细胞显着增加。目前的研究为 PRAD 的免疫微环境和潜在的免疫疗法提供了新的见解。拟议的 CYT 评分是一个临床上有前景的指标，可以作为辅助抗 PD-L1 或其他 ICI 治疗的标志物。同时，也为其他免疫检查点药物的选择提供了依据。与 CYT 低组相比，PRAD 中 CYT 高组的 CD8+ T 细胞显着增加。目前的研究为 PRAD 的免疫微环境和潜在的免疫疗法提供了新的见解。拟议的 CYT 评分是一个临床上有前景的指标，可以作为辅助抗 PD-L1 或其他 ICI 治疗的标志物。同时，也为其他免疫检查点药物的选择提供了依据。