In the present research we produced triploid, mitogynogenetic (doubled haploid; DH) and meiogynogenetic brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to examine efficiency of these technologies and potential susceptibility of chromosome set manipulated individuals for the spinal disorders. Triploidy was induced by shocking (High Hydrostatic Pressure – HHP) of fertilized eggs 30 min. after insemination. In turn, gynogenetic development was induced by activation of eggs with UV-irradiated sperm. Activated eggs were then exposed to HHP shock applied 30 and 420 minutes after insemination to provide meiogynogenotes and gynogenetic DHs, respectively. When compared to non-manipulated diploids, the highest survival rates were observed among triploid brook trout while DHs showed the highest mortality. Malformation rates in the diploid larvae from the control groups did not exceed 7.0% while percentage of malformed triploid individuals equaled 19.1%. Drastically increased number of deformed larvae (> 30%) was observed in both DH and meiogynogenetic individuals. Intensification of kyphosis and scoliosis was clearly demonstrated in the gynogenetic and triploid brook trout. Genetic factors such as increased number of sets of chromosomes in triploids and expression of lethal alleles in the gynogenetic fish plus side effects of HHP shock utilized for retention of the second polar body or inhibition of the first cell cleavage when induced triploid and gynogenetic development have been discussed to affect survival rates and prevalence for the skeletal deformities in the chromosome set manipulated brook trout.

中文翻译：

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生产三倍体，双倍单倍体（DH）和变雌生殖河鳟（Salvelinus fontinalis）–效率和身体畸形的发展

在本研究中，我们生产了三倍体，丝分裂成因的（双倍单倍体； DH）和花色成因的溪鳟（Salvelinus fontinalis）。）以检查这些技术的效率以及染色体组操纵者对脊柱疾病的潜在敏感性。通过使受精卵震荡（高静水压– HHP）30分钟来诱导三倍体。受精后 继而，通过用紫外线辐射的精子激活卵子来诱导雌核发育。然后将受精卵在授精后30分钟和420分钟暴露于HHP冲击下，分别提供变种人基因和雌性生殖激素。与未操作的二倍体相比，三倍体溪鳟的存活率最高，而DHs的死亡率最高。对照组二倍体幼虫的畸形率不超过7.0％，而畸形三倍体个体的百分数为19.1％。畸形幼虫数量急剧增加（> 在DH和促女遗传个体中均观察到30％的人。雌雄同体和三倍体溪鳟清楚地证明了驼背和脊柱侧凸的加剧。遗传因素，例如三倍体中染色体组数目的增加和雌性生殖鱼类中致死等位基因的表达，以及当诱导三倍体和雌性发育时，HHP休克用于保留第二极体或抑制第一细胞分裂的副作用。他们讨论了影响成活的河鳟的染色体组中骨骼畸形的存活率和患病率。