The nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1 (NPR1) family plays diverse roles in gene regulation in the defense and development signaling pathways in plants. Less evidence is available regarding the significance of the NPR1-like gene family in cotton (Gossypium species). Therefore, to address the importance of the cotton NPR1-like gene family in the defense pathway, four Gossypium species were studied: two tetraploid species, G.hirsutum and G. barbadense, and their two potential ancestral diploids, G. raimondii and G. arboreum. In this study, 12 NPR1-like family genes in G. hirsutum were recognized, including six genes in the A-subgenome and six genes in the D-subgenome. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, gene and protein structural features, cotton NPR-like proteins were grouped into three different clades. Our analysis suggests the significance of cis-regulatory elements in the upstream region of cotton NPR1-like genes in hormonal signaling, biotic stress conditions, and developmental processes. The quantitative expression analysis for different developmental tissues and fiber stages (0 to 25 days post-anthesis), as well as salicylic acid induction, confirmed the distinct function of different cotton NPR genes in defense and fiber development. Altogether, this study presents specifications of conservation in the cotton NPR1-like gene family and their functional divergence for development of fiber and defense properties.

中文翻译：

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揭开棉花发病机理相关的1（NPR1）样基因家族的非表达素：进化分析和假定的纤维发展和防御途径中的作用。

发病机理相关的1（NPR1）家族的非表达子在植物防御和发育信号通路中的基因调控中发挥着不同的作用。关于棉（棉属物种）NPR1样基因家族的重要性的证据很少。因此，为了解决棉花的重要性NPR1样基因家族在防守途径，四个棉品种进行了研究：二种四倍体，G.陆地棉和海岛棉，和他们的两个潜在的祖先二倍体，G.雷蒙德氏棉和G.树木园 在这项研究中，有12个NPR1样家族基因认识到G. hirsutum，包括A-亚基因组中的六个基因和D-亚基因组中的六个基因。根据系统发育分析，基因和蛋白质结构特征，将棉花NPR样蛋白质分为三个不同的进化枝。我们的分析表明，在激素信号传导，生物应激条件和发育过程中，棉花NPR1样基因上游区域的顺式调控元件具有重要意义。对不同发育组织和纤维阶段（花后0至25天）以及水杨酸诱导的定量表达分析证实了棉花NPR基因在防御和纤维发育中的独特功能。总而言之，这项研究提出了棉花保存的规范NPR1样基因家族及其在纤维发育和防御特性方面的功能差异。