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Derivation of Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for Heavy Metals in Freshwater Organisms in Korea Using Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs)
Minerals ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 , DOI: 10.3390/min10080697
Jinhee Park , Sang Don Kim

Natural and artificial heavy metal exposure to the environment requires finding thresholds to protect aquatic ecosystems from the toxicity of heavy metals. The threshold is commonly called a predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) and is thought to protect most organisms in an ecosystem from a chemical. PNEC is derived by applying a large assessment factor (AF) to the toxicity value of the most sensitive organism to a chemical or by developing a species sensitivity distribution (SSD), which is a cumulative distribution function with many toxicity data for a chemical of diverse organisms. This study developed SSDs and derived PNECs using toxicity data of organisms living in Korea for four heavy metals: copper (Cd), cadmium (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Five distribution models were considered with log-transformed toxicity data, and their fitness and uncertainty were investigated. As a result, the normal distribution and Gumbel distribution fit the data well. In contrast, the Weibull distribution poorly accounted for the data at the lower tails for all of the heavy metals. The hazardous concentration for 5% of species (HC5) derived from the most suitable model for each heavy metal was calculated to be the preferred PNEC by AF 2 or AF 3. PNECs, obtained through a suitable SSD model with resident species and reasonable AF, will help protect freshwater organisms in Korea from heavy metals.

中文翻译:

利用物种敏感度分布(SSD)推导韩国淡水生物中重金属的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。

天然和人工重金属暴露于环境需要找到阈值,以保护水生生态系统免受重金属的毒性。该阈值通常称为预测无效应浓度(PNEC),被认为可以保护生态系统中的大多数生物免受化学物质的侵害。PNEC是通过对最敏感生物对化学品的毒性值应用较大的评估因子(AF)或通过建立物种敏感度分布(SSD)得出的,物种敏感度分布是具有多种毒性数据的累积分布函数,适用于多种化学品生物。这项研究利用居住在韩国的生物对四种重金属:铜(Cd),镉(Cu),铅(Pb)和锌(Zn)的毒性数据开发了SSD和衍生的PNEC。考虑了对数转换的毒性数据的五个分布模型,并对其适应性和不确定性进行了调查。结果,正态分布和Gumbel分布很好地拟合了数据。相比之下,威布尔分布很难说明所有重金属在较低尾部的数据。通过AF 2或AF 3计算出从最适合每种重金属的最合适模型得出的5%物种(HC5)的有害浓度,是AF 2或AF 3首选的PNEC。将有助于保护韩国的淡水生物免受重金属污染。
更新日期:2020-08-06
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