One of the basic building blocks of all life forms are lipids—biomolecules that dissolve in nonpolar organic solvents but not in water. Lipids have numerous structural, metabolic, and regulative functions in health and disease; thus, complex networks of enzymes coordinate the different compositions and functions of lipids with the physiology of the organism. One type of control on the activity of those enzymes is the conjugation of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) that in recent years has been identified as a critical regulator of many biological processes. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge about the role of SUMO in the regulation of lipid metabolism. In particular, I discuss (i) the role of SUMO in lipid metabolism of fungi and invertebrates; (ii) the function of SUMO as a regulator of lipid metabolism in mammals with emphasis on the two most well-characterized cases of SUMO regulation of lipid homeostasis. These include the effect of SUMO on the activity of two groups of master regulators of lipid metabolism—the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SERBP) proteins and the family of nuclear receptors—and (iii) the role of SUMO as a regulator of lipid metabolism in arteriosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver, cholestasis, and other lipid-related human diseases.

中文翻译：

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不再那么苗条了-SUMO在脂质代谢调节中的作用的证据。

脂质是所有生命形式的基本组成部分之一，它们是溶于非极性有机溶剂但不溶于水的生物分子。脂质在健康和疾病中具有许多结构，代谢和调节功能。因此，复杂的酶网络协调脂质的不同组成和功能与生物的生理学。控制这些酶活性的一种类型是小泛素样修饰剂（SUMO）的缀合，近年来，它被确定为许多生物过程的关键调节剂。在这篇综述中，我总结了有关SUMO在调节脂质代谢中作用的最新知识。我特别讨论（i）SUMO在真菌和无脊椎动物脂质代谢中的作用；（ii）SUMO在哺乳动物中作为脂质代谢调节剂的功能，重点是两个最典型的SUMO脂质体内平衡调节案例。其中包括SUMO对两组脂质代谢的主要调节剂-甾醇调节元件结合蛋白（SERBP）蛋白和核受体家族的活性的影响，以及（iii）SUMO作为脂质代谢调节剂的作用在动脉硬化，非酒精性脂肪肝，胆汁淤积和其他与脂质相关的人类疾病中。