Microalgae are a group of autotrophic microorganisms that live in marine, freshwater and soil ecosystems and produce organic substances in the process of photosynthesis. Due to their high metabolic flexibility, adaptation to various cultivation conditions as well as the possibility of rapid growth, the number of studies on their use as a source of biologically valuable products is growing rapidly. Currently, integrated technologies for the cultivation of microalgae aiming to isolate various biologically active substances from biomass to increase the profitability of algae production are being sought. To implement this kind of development, the high productivity of industrial cultivation systems must be accompanied by the ability to control the biosynthesis of biologically valuable compounds in conditions of intensive culture growth. The review considers the main factors (temperature, pH, component composition, etc.) that affect the biomass growth process and the biologically active substance synthesis in microalgae. The advantages and disadvantages of existing cultivation methods are outlined. An analysis of various methods for the isolation and overproduction of the main biologically active substances of microalgae (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments and vitamins) is presented and new technologies and approaches aimed at using microalgae as promising ingredients in value-added products are considered.

中文翻译：

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微藻：有价值的生物产品的有希望的来源。

微藻是生活在海洋，淡水和土壤生态系统中并在光合作用过程中产生有机物质的一组自养微生物。由于它们的高代谢灵活性，对各种栽培条件的适应性以及快速生长的可能性，因此将其用作具有生物学价值的产品的来源的研究数目正在迅速增长。当前，正在寻求用于微藻培养的集成技术，其旨在从生物质中分离各种生物活性物质以增加藻类生产的利润。为了实现这种发展，在高强度培养条件下，高生产率的工业栽培系统必须具有控制生物学上有价值的化合物的生物合成的能力。该综述考虑了影响微藻中生物质生长过程和生物活性物质合成的主要因素（温度，pH，组分组成等）。概述了现有栽培方法的优缺点。提出了各种分离和过量生产微藻主要生物活性物质（蛋白质，脂质，多糖，色素和维生素）的方法的分析，并考虑了旨在将微藻用作增值产品中有希望成分的新技术和方法。 。