The adult human heart has limited regenerative capacity; hence, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a potential approach for cardiac repair. However, a large part of the benefit of the injection of stem and progenitor cells into injured hearts is mediated by secreted factors. Exosomes—nano‐sized secreted extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin—have emerged as key signaling organelles in intercellular communication, and are now viewed as the key regenerative constituent of the secretome of stem and progenitor cells. Exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac‐derived progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes exhibit cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and reparative abilities. This concise review discusses the therapeutic benefit of exosomes secreted by stem and progenitor cells in preclinical models of ischemic heart disease.

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外泌体——超越干细胞的心脏保护和修复

成年人的心脏再生能力有限；因此，干细胞疗法已被研究为一种潜在的心脏修复方法。然而，将干细胞和祖细胞注射到受伤心脏中的大部分益处是由分泌因子介导的。外泌体——内体起源的纳米级分泌细胞外囊泡——已成为细胞间通讯的关键信号细胞器，现在被视为干细胞和祖细胞分泌组的关键再生成分。从间充质干细胞、心脏源性祖细胞、胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞 (iPSCs) 和 iPSC 源性心肌细胞释放的外泌体表现出心脏保护、免疫调节和修复能力。