The Juno spacecraft provides unique close‐up views of Jupiter underneath the synchrotron radiation belts while circling Jupiter in its 53‐day orbits. The microwave radiometer (MWR) onboard measures Jupiter thermal radiation at wavelengths between 1.37 and 50 cm, penetrating the atmosphere to a pressure of a few hundred bars and greater. The mission provides the first measurements of Jupiter's deep atmosphere, down to ~250 bars in pressure, constraining the vertical distributions of its kinetic temperature and constituents. As a result, vertical structure models of Jupiter's atmosphere may now be tested by comparison with MWR data. Taking into account the MWR beam patterns and observation geometries, we test several published Jupiter atmospheric models against MWR data. Our residual analysis confirms Li et al.'s (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073159) result that ammonia depletion persists down to 50–60 bars where ground‐based Very Large Array was not able to observe. We also present an extension of the study that iteratively improves the input model and generates Jupiter brightness temperature maps which best match the MWR data. A feature of Juno's north‐to‐south scanning approach is that latitudinal structure is more easily obtained than longitudinal, and the creation of optimum two‐dimensional maps is addressed in this approach.

中文翻译：

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剩余研究：针对Juno MWR观测值测试木星大气模型

朱诺号航天器在同步加速器辐射带下方提供木星独特的近景，同时在其53天的轨道中环绕木星。机载微波辐射计（MWR）可以测量波长在1.37至50厘米之间的木星热辐射，从而将大气穿透到几百巴甚至更高的压力。该任务首次测量了木星的深层大气（压力低至约250巴），从而限制了其动力学温度和成分的垂直分布。结果，现在可以通过与MWR数据进行比较来测试木星大气的垂直结构模型。考虑到MWR光束模式和观测几何形状，我们针对MWR数据测试了多个已发布的木星大气模型。我们的残差分析证实了Li等人（2017，https：// doi。org / 10.1002 / 2017GL073159）的结果是，氨气消耗持续到50-60 bar，而地面超大型阵列无法观察到。我们还提出了一项扩展研究，以迭代方式改进输入模型并生成最匹配MWR数据的木星亮度温度图。Juno从北到南的扫描方法的一个特点是，与纵向相比，纬向结构更容易获得，并且此方法可解决最佳二维地图的创建问题。