The spindle is crucial for cell division by allowing the faithful segregation of replicated chromosomes to daughter cells. Proper segregation is ensured only if microtubules (MTs) and hundreds of other associated factors interact to assemble this complex structure with the appropriate architecture and size. In this review, we describe the latest view of spindle organisation as well as the molecular gradients and mechanisms underlying MT nucleation and spindle assembly. We then discuss the overlapping physical and molecular constraints that dictate spindle morphology, concluding with a focus on spindle size regulation.

中文翻译：

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主轴组装及尺寸控制机制

纺锤体通过将复制的染色体忠实地分离到子细胞中而对细胞分裂至关重要。只有当微管 (MT) 和数百个其他相关因素相互作用以将这种具有适当结构和大小的复杂结构组装在一起时，才能确保适当的分离。在这篇综述中，我们描述了纺锤体组织的最新观点以及 MT 成核和纺锤体组装的分子梯度和机制。然后，我们讨论决定纺锤体形态的重叠物理和分子约束，最后重点关注纺锤体尺寸调节。