Environmental Technology & Innovation ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101084 Pooja Arora , Ibrahim Hafeezur Rehman , R. Suresh , Ajay Sharma , Deepti Sharma , Anirudh Sharma
The problem of household air pollution (HAP) due to the use of inefficient cooking devices continues to affect the rural population of India. With the ongoing efforts to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) through intervention of clean cooking options it is imperative to assess these interventions in real world conditions before large scale rollouts. The present study is an attempt to assess the impact of three clean cooking solutions - induction stove (IS), forced draft cookstove (FDC) and a traditional cookstove with hood (TCH) in rural area of Solan, Himachal Pradesh in India. Using a cross-sectional study design mean 24 h kitchen area concentration of PM2.5 and PM1, carbon monoxide (CO) along with cooking time black carbon (BC) were measured. A significant (p<0.05) reduction of >70% in mean 24 h and cooking time concentrations of all the pollutants was observed in all three clean cooking interventions compared to the traditional cookstove. However, in case of IS the reduction in mean 24 h PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations were 72% and 74% respectively which were much lower than nearly 100% reduction in CO and BC. Low cost interventions such as TCH were also found to improve IAQ significantly. However, higher BC fraction in PM in FDC indicated a scope for technological improvement in design of such stoves and a need for integrating BC as a stove performance indicator was also realized. Additionally, a comparative analysis using IAQ data from related studies highlighted the role of kitchen geometry and ambient air quality in causing variation in IAQ. So, for large scale community programs and initiatives that aim to mitigate HAP it is important to have multi-pronged approach that takes into cognizance factors other than cookstove which impact IAQ.
中文翻译:
评估先进烹饪技术在减轻印度喜马al尔邦索兰农村地区家庭空气污染中的作用
由于使用效率低下的烹饪设备而导致的家庭空气污染(HAP)问题继续影响着印度的农村人口。随着通过清洁烹饪方式来改善室内空气质量(IAQ)的持续努力,必须在大规模推广之前评估现实环境中的这些干预措施。本研究旨在评估印度喜马al尔邦索兰农村地区三种清洁烹饪解决方案的影响-电磁炉(IS),强制通风炊具(FDC)和传统带罩炊具(TCH)。使用横截面研究设计,平均厨房区域24小时内的PM 2.5和PM 1浓度,一氧化碳(CO)以及烹饪时间测量了黑碳(BC)。与传统炊具相比,在所有三种清洁烹饪干预措施中,平均24小时内所有污染物的平均浓度显着降低(p <0.05),并且烹饪时间浓度降低了70%。但是,在IS情况下,平均24小时PM 2.5和PM 1减少浓度分别为72%和74%,远低于CO和BC降低近100%。还发现低成本干预措施(例如TCH)可以显着改善室内空气质量。但是,FDC中PM中BC含量较高,表明此类炉具在技术上有改进的余地,并且还需要集成BC作为炉具性能指标。此外,使用来自相关研究的室内空气质量数据进行的比较分析突出了厨房几何形状和周围空气质量在导致室内空气质量变化中的作用。因此,对于旨在减轻HAP的大规模社区计划和计划,重要的是要采取多管齐下的方法,将影响IAQ的其他因素纳入考虑范围。