The statistics of our environment impact not only our behavior, but also the selectivity and connectivity of the early sensory cortices. Over the last fifty years, powerful theories such as efficient coding, sparse coding, and the infomax principle have been proposed to explain the nature of this influence. Numerous computational and theoretical studies have since demonstrated solid, testable evidence in support of these theories, especially in the visual domain. However, most such work has concentrated on monocular, luminance-field descriptions of natural scenes, and studies that systematically focus on binocular processing of realistic visual input have only been conducted over the past two decades. In this review, we discuss the most recent of these binocular computational studies, with particular emphasis on disparity selectivity. We begin with a report of the relevant literature demonstrating concrete evidence for the relationship between natural disparity statistics, neural selectivity, and behavior. This is followed by a discussion of supervised and unsupervised computational studies. For each study, we include a description of the input data, theoretical principles employed in the models, and the contribution of the results in explaining biological data (neural and behavioral). In the discussion, we compare these models to the binocular energy model, and examine their application to the modelling of normal and abnormal development of vision. We conclude with a short description of what we believe are the most important limitations of the current state-of-the-art, and directions for future work which could address these shortcomings and enrich current and future models.

我们环境的统计数据不仅会影响我们的行为，还会影响早期感觉皮层的选择性和连通性。在过去的五十年里，已经提出了有效编码、稀疏编码和 infomax 原理等强有力的理论来解释这种影响的性质。许多计算和理论研究已经证明了支持这些理论的可靠、可测试的证据，尤其是在视觉领域。然而，大多数此类工作都集中在自然场景的单目、亮度场描述上，并且系统地关注现实视觉输入的双目处理的研究仅在过去二十年中进行。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些双目计算研究中的最新研究，特别强调了视差选择性。我们从相关文献的报告开始，展示了自然差异统计、神经选择性和行为之间关系的具体证据。接下来是对监督和非监督计算研究的讨论。对于每项研究，我们都包括对输入数据的描述、模型中采用的理论原理以及结果对解释生物数据（神经和行为）的贡献。在讨论中，我们将这些模型与双目能量模型进行了比较，并研究了它们在正常和异常视力发育建模中的应用。最后，我们简要描述了我们认为当前最先进技术最重要的局限性，以及可以解决这些缺点并丰富当前和未来模型的未来工作方向。