No-tillage systems and cover cropping can improve soil organic carbon (SOC), which enhances soil health and sustainability. However, the interaction between tillage systems and cover crops in Andisols is still unclear and requires further investigation. This study examined the relationship between tillage systems and cover crop management and their effect on SOC and soil health. This study was conducted from October 2017 to October 2019 at the Center for International Field Agriculture Research and Education, Ibaraki University, Japan. The field experiment design was split-plot, with the first main factor was being tillage (no-tillage; no-till, moldboard plow; plow, and rotary cultivator; cultivator), and the second factor was being winter cover crop (fallow, hairy vetch, and rye). The measurement indicators included SOC, total N, C/N ratio, available P, exchangeable bases (K, Ca, Mg, Na), cation exchange capacity, melanic index, bulk density, soil penetration resistance, soil particle size distribution (sand, silt, and clay) and substrate-induced respiration. The results showed that no-tillage systems and cover crop management can improve SOC, total N, available P, exchangeable K-Mg, CEC, bulk density, soil penetration resistance, and substrate-induced respiration that serve as soil health indicators under soybean cultivation. A comprehensive evaluation using Z-score, a formula for calculate the value of certain variables that we observe with a specific treatment factor and compare it with the average value of certain variables in all treatments, for SOC, several soil characteristics, crop productivity, and biomass input, the highest score was reached under no-till and rye management. The combination of no-till and rye cover crops appears to be a good technique for increasing SOC and soil health in Andisols. The melanic index values were greater than 1.70, indicating that the soil was a fulvic Andisols with a low degree of humification. This suggests that no-till with rye system can enhance SOC and soil health.

免耕系统和覆盖作物可以改善土壤有机碳（SOC），从而增强土壤健康和可持续性。然而，Andisols中耕作系统与覆盖作物之间的相互作用仍不清楚，需要进一步研究。这项研究研究了耕作制度与覆盖作物管理之间的关系及其对有机碳和土壤健康的影响。这项研究于2017年10月至2019年10月在日本茨城大学国际田间农业研究与教育中心进行。田间试验设计是分块设计的，第一个主要因素是耕作（免耕；免耕，免耕犁，犁和旋耕机；中耕机），第二个因素是冬季覆盖作物（休耕，毛v子和黑麦）。测量指标包括SOC，总N，C / N比，有效磷，可交换碱（K，Ca，Mg，Na），阳离子交换容量，黑色素指数，堆积密度，耐土壤渗透性，土壤粒径分布（沙，粉砂和粘土）和基质诱导的呼吸作用。结果表明，免耕系统和覆盖作物管理可以改善SOC，总氮，有效磷，可交换钾镁，CEC，容重，土壤渗透性和基质诱导的呼吸作用，这些作用是大豆种植下的土壤健康指标。使用Z评分进行的综合评估，该公式用于计算特定条件下我们观察到的某些变量的值，并将其与所有处理中的某些变量的平均值进行比较，以获取SOC，几种土壤特性，作物生产力以及生物质输入 在免耕和黑麦管理下得分最高。免耕和黑麦覆盖作物的组合似乎是提高Andisols中SOC和土壤健康的一项好技术。黑色素指数值大于1.70，表明土壤是腐殖质含量低的黄腐Andisols。这表明黑麦免耕可提高土壤有机碳和土壤健康。