Abstract Endophytes regulate physiological activities of host plants by conferring resistance against abiotic stress, insect, nematode, and diseases. Besides, they produce novel natural bioactive compounds with potential applications in agriculture, medicine, and food industry. In the present study, seven antagonistic fungal endophytes showing anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities were isolated from rice leaves and identified as Paecilomyces tenuis EF1, Talaromyces pinophilus EF2, Nigrospora sphaerica EF3, Nigrospora oryzae EF4, Trichoderma longibrachiatum EF5, and EF7 and Aspergillus terreus EF6. Of these, T. longibrachiatum EF5 had the highest growth inhibition activity against the tested fungal (23%–82%) and bacterial plant pathogens (13%–46%). Soluble metabolites such as aliphatic organic acids, (e.g., lactic, acetic, hydroxyl-methyl valeric acids, ethyl hexyl acetate, salbutamol sulfate, dodecanone, octadecanoic, octaheptanoic and butanenoic acids), aromatic nitroamino compounds (Benzyl glycinate), and volatile metabolites, (e.g., 2,3- butanediol dinitrate, pentadecane, tetramethyl hexahydro napthalenone, 1-iodo-2-methylundecane) were detected through FT-IR and GC-MS–TD, respectively. The metabolite induced antagonistic activity of EF5 was much pronounced against phytopathogens such as Magnaporthe grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Macrophomina phaseolina. Also, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of T. longibrachiatum EF5 enhanced the lateral root formation by modulating auxin biosynthesis.

中文翻译：

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拮抗真菌内生菌及其代谢物介导对水稻植物病原体的相互作用

摘要 内生菌通过赋予对非生物胁迫、昆虫、线虫和疾病的抗性来调节宿主植物的生理活动。此外，他们生产的新型天然生物活性化合物在农业、医药和食品工业中具有潜在应用。在本研究中，从水稻叶片中分离出 7 种具有抗真菌和抗菌活性的拮抗性内生真菌，鉴定为细拟青霉 EF1、Talaromyces pinophilus EF2、Nigrospora sphaerica EF3、Nigrospora oryzae EF4、Trichoderma longibrachiatum EF 和 Asperg5、土星EF6。其中，T. longibrachiatum EF5 对测试的真菌（23%–82%）和细菌植物病原体（13%–46%）具有最高的生长抑制活性。可溶性代谢物，如脂肪族有机酸，（如乳酸、乙酸、羟甲基戊酸、乙酸乙基己酯、硫酸沙丁胺醇、十二酮、十八酸、八庚酸和丁烯酸）、芳香硝基氨基化合物（甘氨酸苄酯）和挥发性代谢物（例如，2,3-丁二醇二硝酸酯、十五烷、四甲基六氢萘酮） , 1-iodo-2-methylundecane) 分别通过 FT-IR 和 GC-MS-TD 检测。EF5 的代谢物诱导的拮抗活性对植物病原体如 Magnaporthe grisea、Rhizoctonia solani 和 Macrophomina phaseolina 非常显着。此外，T. longibrachiatum EF5 的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 通过调节生长素生物合成来增强侧根形成。和挥发性代谢物（例如，2,3-丁二醇二硝酸酯、十五烷、四甲基六氢萘酮、1-碘-2-甲基十一烷）分别通过 FT-IR 和 GC-MS-TD 检测。EF5 的代谢物诱导的拮抗活性对植物病原体如 Magnaporthe grisea、Rhizoctonia solani 和 Macrophomina phaseolina 非常显着。此外，T. longibrachiatum EF5 的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 通过调节生长素生物合成来增强侧根形成。和挥发性代谢物（例如，2,3-丁二醇二硝酸酯、十五烷、四甲基六氢萘酮、1-碘-2-甲基十一烷）分别通过 FT-IR 和 GC-MS-TD 检测。EF5 的代谢物诱导的拮抗活性对植物病原体如 Magnaporthe grisea、Rhizoctonia solani 和 Macrophomina phaseolina 非常显着。此外，T. longibrachiatum EF5 的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 通过调节生长素生物合成来增强侧根形成。