The Process Safety Management (PSM) systems at the operating facilities in the Oil & Gas and in Chemical manufacturing industries have matured over the years and have become, at most facilities, very robust and sophisticated. These programs are administrated by Process Safety (PS) teams at both the corporate business units and plant levels and have been effective in reducing the number and severity of PS events across the industries over the past 25 years or so. Incidents however are occurring at a regular interval and in recent times several noteworthy PS events have occurred in the United States which have brought into question the effectiveness of the PSM programs at play. These facilities have been applying their PSM programs with the expectation that the number and severity of PS events would decrease over time. The expected result has not been realized, especially in context to those facilities that have undergone the recent incidents. Current paper reviews a few publicly available PS performance reports of Oil & Gas and Chemical manufacturing industries. The authors identified a few factors at play that have led to these PS events based on their experience, literature review, and incident investigation reports. Most of the factors are intertwined with multiple PSM elements and it requires a holistic approach to address them. Each of the factors is described and the path forward is proposed to improve the effectiveness of PSM programs.

多年来，石油和天然气以及化学制造行业的操作设施中的过程安全管理（PSM）系统已经成熟，并且在大多数设施中已经变得非常强大和完善。这些计划由公司业务部门和工厂级别的过程安全（PS）团队管理，并且在过去25年左右的时间里有效地减少了整个行业中PS事件的数量和严重性。然而，事件以固定的间隔发生，并且最近在美国发生了数个值得注意的PS事件，这些事件使PSM计划的有效性受到质疑。这些设施一直在应用其PSM程序，以期PS事件的数量和严重性会随着时间的推移而降低。尚未实现预期的结果，尤其是在经历了最近事件的那些设施的背景下。当前的文章回顾了一些可公开获得的石油和天然气及化学制造行业的PS性能报告。作者根据经验，文献回顾和事件调查报告，确定了导致这些PS事件的一些因素。大多数因素与多个PSM元素交织在一起，因此需要采用整体方法来解决这些问题。描述了每个因素，并提出了改进PSM程序有效性的途径。天然气和化工制造业。作者根据经验，文献回顾和事件调查报告，确定了导致这些PS事件的一些因素。大多数因素与多个PSM元素交织在一起，因此需要采用整体方法来解决这些问题。描述了每个因素，并提出了改进PSM程序有效性的途径。天然气和化工制造业。作者根据经验，文献回顾和事件调查报告，确定了导致这些PS事件的一些因素。大多数因素与多个PSM元素交织在一起，因此需要采用整体方法来解决这些问题。描述了每个因素，并提出了改进PSM程序有效性的途径。