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A Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Middle-Late Holocene landscapes of the Brazilian Northeast (Bahia): submerged cave deposits and stable isotopes
Geobios ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2020.06.007
Leandro de Oliveira Salles , Fernando Araújo Perini , Carlos Rodrigues de Moraes Neto , Fernando Lencastre Sicuro , Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales , Patrícia Gonçalves Guedes , Fernando Verassani Laureano , Emílio Manuel Calvo , Luiz Flamarion Barbosa de Oliveira , José Luis Passos Cordeiro , Víctor Adrián Pérez-Crespo , Pedro Morales-Puente , Luciano Jorge Serejo dos Anjos , Francisco Boavista Pontual , Kayo Ritter da Costa , Caio Márcio Sorrentino de Freitas Farias dos Santos , Ricardo Tadeu Lopes , Luís Henrique Sapiensa Almeida , Leonardo Souza Lobo , Peter Mann Toledo

Abstract Puma concolor is currently widespread in South America, but its fossil record is still poorly known in the Continent, particularly in Brazil. Here we report the find of a nearly complete skeleton of P. concolor recovered from underwater Quaternary deposits at the Impossivel-Ioio Cave System, Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil). The P. concolor remains were found disarticulated but piled together; they are in general quite well preserved. Radiocarbon dating from a tooth sample (upper carnassial) indicates a Middle-Late Holocene age of ca. 4 ka BP. A series of comparative morphometric analyses suggest that the specimen is a male and shares similar size proportions to extant specimens in the region. Isotopic analyses made with a tooth sample indicate a diet largely based on C3 feeding herbivores, potentially associated to landscapes predominantly covered by Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, similar to the Present-day Caatinga vegetation. The δ18O outcome value of −3.4‰ and the modeled puma’s negative trend in adaptability towards the present (after 6 ka) seem to be consistent with the hypothesized Middle-Holocene (∼4 ka) shift in climatic tendencies in the Brazilian Northeast from a more relatively humid environment to a drier climate with longer drought periods, presenting severe semiarid conditions somewhat similar to the precolonial conditions. Cave surroundings fit well with the description of the present progressive trend of changes in physiognomy related to land-use and associated with processes of fragmentation and desertification in the Caatinga.

中文翻译:

巴西东北部(巴伊亚)全新世中晚期景观中的美洲狮(食肉目:猫科):水下洞穴沉积物和稳定同位素

摘要 Puma concolor 目前在南美洲广泛分布,但其化石记录在欧洲大陆仍鲜为人知,尤其是在巴西。在这里,我们报告了在 Chapada Diamantina(巴西巴伊亚)的 Impossivel-Ioio 洞穴系统的水下第四纪沉积物中发现的几乎完整的 P. concolor 骨架。发现 P. concolor 残骸脱节但堆在一起;它们总体上保存完好。来自牙齿样本(上体)的放射性碳表明大约是中晚期全新世年龄。4 ka BP。一系列比较形态测量分析表明,该标本是男性,与该地区现存标本的大小比例相似。用牙齿样本进行的同位素分析表明,饮食主要以 C3 食草动物为基础,可能与主要由季节性干燥热带森林覆盖的景观有关,类似于当今的卡廷加植被。δ18O 结果值 -3.4‰ 和模拟美洲狮对现在(6 ka 之后)适应性的负面趋势似乎与假设的中全新世(~4 ka)巴西东北部气候趋势从更相对潮湿的环境到干旱期较长的干燥气候,呈现出与殖民前条件有些相似的严重半干旱条件。洞穴环境非常符合目前与土地利用相关的地貌变化的渐进趋势的描述,并与卡廷加的破碎化和荒漠化过程相关。类似于现今的卡廷加植被。δ18O 结果值 -3.4‰ 和模拟美洲狮对现在(6 ka 之后)适应性的负面趋势似乎与假设的中全新世(~4 ka)巴西东北部气候趋势从更相对潮湿的环境到干旱期较长的干燥气候,呈现出与殖民前条件有些相似的严重半干旱条件。洞穴环境非常符合目前与土地利用相关的地貌变化的渐进趋势的描述,并与卡廷加的破碎化和荒漠化过程相关。类似于现今的卡廷加植被。δ18O 结果值 -3.4‰ 和模拟美洲狮对现在(6 ka 之后)适应性的负面趋势似乎与假设的中全新世(~4 ka)巴西东北部气候趋势从更相对潮湿的环境到干旱期较长的干燥气候,呈现出与殖民前条件有些相似的严重半干旱条件。洞穴环境非常符合目前与土地利用相关的地貌变化的渐进趋势的描述,并与卡廷加的破碎化和荒漠化过程相关。4‰ 和模拟美洲狮对现在(6 ka 之后)适应性的负面趋势似乎与假设的中全新世(~4 ka)巴西东北部气候趋势从更相对潮湿的环境转变为更干燥的环境一致干旱期较长的气候,呈现出与殖民前条件有些相似的严重半干旱条件。洞穴环境非常符合目前与土地利用相关的地貌变化的渐进趋势的描述,并与卡廷加的破碎化和荒漠化过程相关。4‰ 和模拟美洲狮对现在(6 ka 之后)适应性的负面趋势似乎与假设的中全新世(~4 ka)巴西东北部气候趋势从更相对潮湿的环境转变为更干燥的环境一致干旱期较长的气候,呈现出与殖民前条件有些相似的严重半干旱条件。洞穴环境非常符合目前与土地利用相关的地貌变化的渐进趋势的描述,并与卡廷加的破碎化和荒漠化过程相关。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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