Manufacturing of functional (ready to use) parts with the powder bed fusion method has seen an increase in recent times in the field of aerospace and in the medical sector. Residual stresses (RS) induced due to the process itself can lead to defects like cracks and delamination in the part leading to the inferior quality of the part. These RS are one of the main reasons preventing the process from being adopted widely. The powder bed methods have several processing parameters that can be optimized for improving the quality of the component, among which, build orientation is one. In this current study, influence of the build orientation on the residual stress distribution for the Ni-based super-alloy Inconel 718 fabricated by laser-based powder bed fusion method is studied by non- destructive technique of neutron diffraction at selected cross-sections. Further, RS generated in the entire part was predicted using a simplified layer by layer approach using a finite element (FE) based thermo-mechanical numerical model. From the experiment, the part printed in horizontal orientation has shown the least amount of stress in all three directions and a general tendency of compressive RS at the center of the part and tensile RS near the surface was observed in all the samples. The build with vertical orientation has shown the highest amount of RS in both compression and tension. Simplified simulations results are in good agreement with the experimental value of the stresses.

用粉末床熔融法制造功能性（即用型）零件在航空航天领域和医疗领域近来有所增长。由于工艺本身而产生的残余应力（RS）可能导致零件出现裂纹和分层等缺陷，从而导致零件质量下降。这些RS是阻止该过程被广泛采用的主要原因之一。粉末床方法具有几个可以优化以提高组件质量的工艺参数，其中，构造方向是其中之一。在本研究中，采用中子衍射非破坏技术，研究了激光定向粉末床熔融法制备的镍基超合金Inconel 718的结构取向对残余应力分布的影响。此外，使用基于有限元（FE）的热机械数值模型，使用简化的逐层方法预测了整个零件中生成的RS。根据实验，在水平方向上打印的零件在所有三个方向上显示的应力最小，并且在所有样品中均观察到零件中央的压缩RS和靠近表面的拉伸RS的总体趋势。具有垂直方向的构造在压缩和拉伸方面都显示出最大的RS量。