The Kaban Lakes Integrated Assessment Model (KLIAM) was enhanced in order to assess the possible content of antibiotics in the Kaban lakes, located within the city borders of Kazan City, Tatarstan Republic in the Russian Federation, and potential for adverse environmental effects. The Kaban Lakes Integrated Assessment Model simulations suggest that the concentrations in the Nizhniy Kaban lake and Sredniy Kaban lake may exceed the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) and low-risk limits set by EU and the WHO. Many missing data could be assumed or approximated, and simulation runs were conducted. The results are consistent with other global studies in terms of average concentrations observed elsewhere in rivers and lakes. The results suggest that the study should be followed up with lake water analysis and an assessment of antibiotic loads to the Kaban lakes. It is concluded that the results are too uncertain to initiate any policy action at the present moment and that an assessment supported by measurements would be warranted.

中文翻译：

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使用Kaban Lakes综合评估模型调查Nizhniy Kaban和Sredniy Kaban湖的抗生素污染的潜在水平

为了评估位于俄罗斯联邦Ta斯坦共和国喀山市城市边界内的卡班湖中抗生素的可能含量，对卡班湖综合评估模型（KLIAM）进行了增强。Kaban湖综合评估模型模拟表明，Nizhniy Kaban湖和Sredniy Kaban湖中的浓度可能超过欧盟和WHO设定的预测无效应浓度（PNEC）和低风险限值。可以假设或估计许多缺失的数据，并进行模拟运行。就在河流和湖泊中其他地方观察到的平均浓度而言，该结果与其他全球研究一致。结果表明，该研究应随后进行湖水分析和评估卡班湖的抗生素含量。结论是，结果不确定性太大，无法在目前采取任何政策行动，因此有必要进行评估支持的评估。