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Upland rice yield enhanced by early nitrogen fertilization on previous palisade grass
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s10705-020-10088-4
Letusa Momesso , Carlos A. C. Crusciol , Rogério P. Soratto , Katiuça S. Tanaka , Claudio H. M. Costa , Heitor Cantarella , Eiko E. Kuramae

High grain yields of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) can be achieved in no-tillage systems. However, managing nitrogen (N) fertilization for rice in succession to forage grasses is a challenge because forage residues change N cycling and increase microbial immobilization of N, thereby reducing N availability to the subsequent cash crop. In the present study, two field experiments were conducted to determine if applying all or part of the N fertilizer on preceding palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) and ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) or their desiccated residues immediately before rice seeding can supply N to the subsequent rice crop. Forage biomass yield (8–16 Mg ha− 1), N accumulation, and N supply to the subsequent upland rice were highest when all of the N fertilizer was applied on forage grasses at 50, 40 or 35 days before rice seeding (DBS), as opposed to the conventional split application at rice seeding and at tillering. On average, the grain yield of upland rice was 54% higher in succession to palisade grass compared with ruzigrass. The grain yield of rice was higher when N was applied to palisade grass at 35 DBS and ruzigrass at 50 DBS, reaching 5.0 Mg ha− 1 and 3.7 Mg ha− 1, respectively. However, applying N to ruzigrass was less effective for increasing upland rice yields since the yields did not differ from the treatments with the conventional split application. Adjusting the time of N application to forage grasses to increase the grain yields of subsequent upland rice is a sustainable alternative that can promote the economic viability of upland rice production.



中文翻译:

早期栅栏草上的早期氮肥施用提高了旱稻的产量。

在免耕系统中,旱稻(Oryza sativa L.)的谷物产量高。然而,连续管理稻米的氮肥以饲草是一个挑战,因为饲草残渣改变了氮的循环并增加了微生物对氮的固定,从而降低了后续经济作物的氮利用率。在本研究中,进行了两个田间试验,以确定在水稻播种前不久是否将全部或部分氮肥施用到先前的栅栏草(Urochloa brizantha)和ruzigrass(Urochloa ruziziensis)或它们的干燥残留物中。作物。牧草生物量产量(8–16 Mg ha − 1),与在水稻播种前的常规分批施肥相比,在水稻播种(DBS)前50、40或35天将所有氮肥施用在饲草上时,后续陆稻的氮素积累和氮供应最高。和分.。平均而言,与紫菜相比,陆续稻草的高产比起栅栏草高54%。在35 DBS和50 DBS的紫草中施氮时,水稻的籽粒产量更高,分别达到5.0 Mg ha -1和3.7 Mg ha -1。, 分别。然而,将氮施于紫杉对提高旱稻产量的效果不佳,因为其产量与常规分批施用的处理没有区别。调整饲草的氮素施用时间,以增加后续陆稻的谷物产量是一种可持续的选择,可以促进陆稻生产的经济可行性。

更新日期:2020-08-06
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