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Repeated evidence that the accelerated evolution of sperm is associated with their fertilization function
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 , DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1286
John L Fitzpatrick 1, 2 , C Daisy Bridge 2 , Rhonda R Snook 1
Affiliation  

Spermatozoa are the most morphologically diverse cell type, leading to the widespread assumption that they evolve rapidly. However, there is no direct evidence that sperm evolve faster than other male traits. Such a test requires comparing male traits that operate in the same selective environment, ideally produced from the same tissue, yet vary in function. Here, we examine rates of phenotypic evolution in sperm morphology using two insect groups where males produce fertile and non-fertile sperm types (Drosophila species from the obscura group and a subset of Lepidoptera species), where these constraints are solved. Moreover, in Drosophila we test the relationship between rates of sperm evolution and the link with the putative selective pressures of fertilization function and postcopulatory sexual selection exerted by female reproductive organs. We find repeated evolutionary patterns across these insect groups—lengths of fertile sperm evolve faster than non-fertile sperm. In Drosophila, fertile sperm length evolved faster than body size, but at the same rate as female reproductive organ length. We also compare rates of evolution of different sperm components, showing that head length evolves faster in fertile sperm while flagellum length evolves faster in non-fertile sperm. Our study provides direct evidence that sperm length evolves more rapidly in fertile sperm, probably because of their functional role in securing male fertility and in response to selection imposed by female reproductive organs.

中文翻译:

重复证据表明精子的加速进化与其受精功能有关

精子是形态最多样化的细胞类型,导致人们普遍认为它们进化迅速。然而,没有直接证据表明精子比其他男性特征进化得更快。这样的测试需要比较在相同选择性环境中运作的男性特征,理想情况下是由相同的组织产生的,但功能不同。在这里,我们使用两个昆虫组检查精子形态的表型进化率,其中雄性产生可育和不可育的精子类型(来自暗箱组的果蝇物种和鳞翅目物种的一个子集),这些限制得到解决。此外,在果蝇中,我们测试了精子进化率与雌性生殖器官施加的受精功能和交配后性选择的假定选择压力之间的关系。我们在这些昆虫群中发现了重复的进化模式——能育精子的长度比非能育精子进化得更快。在果蝇中,可育精子长度的进化速度比体型快,但与雌性生殖器官长度的进化速度相同。我们还比较了不同精子成分的进化速率,表明可育精子的头部长度进化得更快,而非可育精子的鞭毛长度进化得更快。我们的研究提供了直接证据表明精子长度在可育精子中进化得更快,这可能是因为它们在确保男性生育能力和响应女性生殖器官选择方面的功能作用。但与女性生殖器官的长度相同。我们还比较了不同精子成分的进化速率,表明可育精子的头部长度进化得更快,而非可育精子的鞭毛长度进化得更快。我们的研究提供了直接证据表明精子长度在可育精子中进化得更快,这可能是因为它们在确保男性生育能力和响应女性生殖器官选择方面的功能作用。但与女性生殖器官的长度相同。我们还比较了不同精子成分的进化速率,表明可育精子的头部长度进化得更快,而非可育精子的鞭毛长度进化得更快。我们的研究提供了直接证据表明精子长度在可育精子中进化得更快,这可能是因为它们在确保男性生育能力和响应女性生殖器官选择方面的功能作用。
更新日期:2020-08-05
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