Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major forage crop of family Fabaceae and is frequently cultivated in Egypt. The present study is concerned with the genetic discrimination of fifteen alfalfa cultivars from three different countries (Egypt, Australia, and USA) using two molecular approaches: inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers and two chloroplast DNA barcodes matK and the trnH in addition to the analysis of fifteen morpho-agronomic traits. The genetic relatedness, based on analysis of IRAP marker polymorphism and produced using eleven primers by clustering via principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate heatmap biostatistical methods differentiated the two Egyptian cultivars EGY1-Ismailia1 and EGY2-Nubaria1 from the three Australian and seven American cultivars, with some distinction of the cv. USA6-SW9720 and cv. AUS4-SuperFast. The results were also supported by the sequence analysis of the matK and the trnH genes on the genetic relatedness between eight cultivars. Moreover, it might be suggested that breeding lines from M. sativa cultivars may provide novel insights and a better understanding of the domestication of M. sativa genetic diversity. The classification of the eight cultivars, as revealed by morpho-agronomic traits, confirmed the close genetic relationship between the two Egyptian cultivars and indicated some resemblance between them and the AUS2-Siri Nafa, whereas the two American cultivars, USA1-Super supreme and USA4-Cuf101, were clearly isolated from a cluster of other three cultivars USA7-SW9628, USA8-Magna901, and USA9-Perfect. The results are useful sources of genetic information for future breeding programs in crop development and open new possibilities of producing M. sativa lines harboring high forage quality, productivity, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

中文翻译：

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使用逆转座子间扩增多态性，叶绿体DNA条码和形态农艺性状分析选择紫花苜蓿品种的遗传多样性。

苜蓿（苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.））是豆科（Fabaceae）的主要牧草作物，经常在埃及种植。本研究涉及十五个苜蓿品种使用两种分子的方法三个不同国家（埃及，澳大利亚和美国）的基因歧视：互反转录转座子扩增多态性（IRAP）标记和两个叶绿体DNA条形码垫K和TRNH除了分析15个形态农艺性状外。遗传相关性基于IRAP标记多态性分析，并使用11个引物通过主成分分析（PCA）和多元热图生物统计学方法进行聚类，从而将两个埃及品种EGY1-Ismailia1和EGY2-Nubaria1与三个澳大利亚和七个美国品种区分开来，与简历有所区别。USA6-SW9720和简历。AUS4-SuperFast。mat K和trn H基因在8个品种之间的遗传相关性的序列分析也支持了该结果。此外，可能有人建议，苜蓿栽培品种的育种系可能会提供新颖的见解并更好地了解家蝇的驯化。苜蓿遗传多样性。形态农艺性状揭示了八个品种的分类，证实了两个埃及品种之间的密切遗传关系，表明它们与AUS2-Siri Nafa之间有些相似，而两个美国品种USA1-Super supreme和USA4 -Cuf101，显然是从其他三个品种USA7-SW9628，USA8-Magna901和USA9-Perfect的簇中分离出来的。这些结果为将来作物发展育种计划提供了有用的遗传信息，并为生产具有高饲草质量，生产力以及对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性的紫花苜蓿品系开辟了新的可能性。