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SMARCAL1 , the annealing helicase and the transcriptional co‐regulator
IUBMB Life ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 , DOI: 10.1002/iub.2354
Ritu Bansal 1 , Saddam Hussain 1 , Upasana Bedi Chanana 1 , Deepa Bisht 1 , Isha Goel 1 , Rohini Muthuswami 1
Affiliation  

The ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling proteins play an important role in DNA repair. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used for myriad functions ranging from nucleosome repositioning and nucleosome eviction to histone variant exchange. In addition, the distant member of the family, SMARCAL1, uses the energy to reanneal stalled replication forks in response to DNA damage. Biophysical studies have shown that this protein has the unique ability to recognize and bind specifically to DNA structures possessing double‐strand to single‐strand transition regions. Mutations in SMARCAL1 have been linked to Schimke immuno‐osseous dysplasia, an autosomal recessive disorder that exhibits variable penetrance and expressivity. It has long been hypothesized that the variable expressivity and pleiotropic phenotypes observed in the patients might be due to the ability of SMARCAL1 to co‐regulate the expression of a subset of genes within the genome. Recently, the role of SMARCAL1 in regulating transcription has been delineated. In this review, we discuss the biophysical and functional properties of the protein that help it to transcriptionally co‐regulate DNA damage response as well as to bind to the stalled replication fork and stabilize it, thus ensuring genomic stability. We also discuss the role of SMARCAL1 in cancer and the possibility of using this protein as a chemotherapeutic target.

中文翻译:

SMARCAL1,退火解旋酶和转录协同调节子

依赖 ATP 的染色质重塑蛋白在 DNA 修复中起重要作用。ATP 水解释放的能量用于从核小体重新定位和核小体驱逐到组蛋白变体交换的无数功能。此外,该家族的远亲成员 SMARCAL1 利用能量重新退火停滞的复制叉,以应对 DNA 损伤。生物物理学研究表明,这种蛋白质具有独特的识别能力并与具有双链到单链过渡区的 DNA 结构特异性结合。SMARCAL1 的突变与 Schimke 免疫骨发育不良有关,这是一种常染色体隐性遗传疾病,具有不同的外显率和表现力。长期以来一直假设在患者中观察到的可变表达性和多效性表型可能是由于 SMARCAL1 共同调节基因组内基因子集表达的能力。最近,已经描述了 SMARCAL1 在调节转录中的作用。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了蛋白质的生物物理和功能特性,这些特性有助于它在转录上共同调节 DNA 损伤反应,以及与停滞的复制叉结合并稳定它,从而确保基因组的稳定性。我们还讨论了 SMARCAL1 在癌症中的作用以及使用这种蛋白质作为化疗靶点的可能性。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了蛋白质的生物物理和功能特性,这些特性有助于它在转录上共同调节 DNA 损伤反应,以及与停滞的复制叉结合并稳定它,从而确保基因组的稳定性。我们还讨论了 SMARCAL1 在癌症中的作用以及使用这种蛋白质作为化疗靶点的可能性。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了蛋白质的生物物理和功能特性,这些特性有助于它在转录上共同调节 DNA 损伤反应,以及与停滞的复制叉结合并稳定它,从而确保基因组的稳定性。我们还讨论了 SMARCAL1 在癌症中的作用以及使用这种蛋白质作为化疗靶点的可能性。
更新日期:2020-08-05
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