Novel diagnostic technologies, including nanotechnology, microfluidics, -omics science, next-generation sequencing, genomics big data, and machine learning, could contribute to meeting the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. Novel technologies include multiplexed technologies (including biomarker-based point-of-care tests and molecular platform technologies), biomarker-based combination antibody and antigen technologies, dried-blood-spot testing, and self-testing. Although biomarker-based rapid tests, in particular antibody-based tests, have dominated HIV diagnostics since the development of the first HIV test in the mid-1980s, targets such as nucleic acids and genes are now used in nanomedicine, biosensors, microfluidics, and -omics to enable early diagnosis of HIV. These novel technologies show promise as they are associated with ease of use, high diagnostic accuracy, rapid detection, and the ability to detect HIV-specific markers. Additional clinical and implementation research is needed to generate evidence for use of novel technologies and a public health approach will be required to address clinical and operational challenges to optimise their global deployment.

新型诊断技术，包括纳米技术，微流控技术，组学，下一代测序，基因组学大数据和机器学习，可有助于实现联合国艾滋病规划署的95-95-95目标，以在2030年之前终结艾滋病毒的流行。技术（包括基于生物标记的即时检验和分子平台技术），基于生物标记的组合抗体和抗原技术，干血斑测试和自我测试。尽管自1980年代中期以来，基于生物标志物的快速检测（尤其是基于抗体的检测）在HIV诊断中占据了主导地位，但核酸和基因等靶标现已用于纳米药物，生物传感器，微流体技术和-组学技术可以早期诊断HIV。这些新颖的技术具有易用性，高诊断准确性，快速检测和检测HIV特异性标记物的能力，因此显示出了希望。需要进行额外的临床和实施研究以产生使用新技术的证据，并且需要公共卫生方法来应对临床和运营挑战，以优化其全球部署。