Abstract The paper evolves on the discourse of digital three-dimensional (3-D) modeling methods in the fields of landscape architecture and landscape planning. Digital design and planning methods used at present rely on mapping and modeling techniques that fall short of engaging the physical form of the landscape. However, form-specific knowledge is essential to understand how transformations can improve landscape functions, for example, in terms of providing ecosystem services and influencing climate in response to increasing heat in cities. The technical development of laser-scanning technology for landscape survey introduced new approaches over the last decade in working with geospatial data. Laser-scanning, or LiDAR, is now used to create digital 3-D representations of the landscape at high definition in the form of point clouds models. Beyond their function of representation, point cloud models can be manipulated to represent future landscape scenarios. Changes can be developed by editing the point cloud models and using the characteristics of form and scale of the physical site, resulting in an informed workflow of landscape transformation. In this paper, we address an existing gap in working concurrently with the analytical and spatio-visual properties of the landscape and propose a method that integrates landscape planning and design approaches by using point cloud models as a shared medium. We (i) propose a modeling method that employs laser-scanned data as a medium to represent landscape transformation and to enable a new level of inquiry for shaping future scenarios; (ii) exemplify with a case scenario in Singapore how point cloud models can be used to exchange analytical and spatial information for assessing thermal comfort; (iii) discuss the role that point cloud models can play in establishing a bridge between methods of landscape design and of landscape planning to develop the quality of urban landscapes.

中文翻译：

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点云建模作为景观设计和规划之间的桥梁

摘要 本文对数字三维（3-D）建模方法在景观建筑和景观规划领域的论述进行了演变。目前使用的数字设计和规划方法依赖于无法融入景观物理形式的绘图和建模技术。然而，特定于形式的知识对于理解转变如何改善景观功能至关重要，例如，在提供生态系统服务和影响气候以应对城市热量增加方面。在过去十年中，用于景观调查的激光扫描技术的技术发展引入了处理地理空间数据的新方法。激光扫描或 LiDAR 现在用于以点云模型的形式创建高清景观的数字 3D 表示。除了它们的表示功能之外，点云模型还可以用来表示未来的景观场景。可以通过编辑点云模型并利用物理场地的形式和规模特征来进行更改，从而形成景观转换的知情工作流程。在本文中，我们解决了与景观的分析和空间视觉特性同时工作的现有差距，并提出了一种方法，通过使用点云模型作为共享媒介来整合景观规划和设计方法。我们 (i) 提出了一种建模方法，该方法采用激光扫描数据作为媒介来表示景观转变，并为塑造未来场景提供新的调查水平；(ii) 以新加坡的案例场景为例，说明如何使用点云模型来交换分析和空间信息以评估热舒适度；(iii) 讨论点云模型在景观设计方法和景观规划方法之间可以发挥的作用，以提高城市景观的质量。