Transparent photovoltaics (TPVs), which combine visible transparency and solar energy conversion, are being developed for applications in which conventional opaque solar cells are unlikely to be feasible, such as windows of buildings or vehicles. In this paper, we review recent progress in TPVs along with strategies that enable the transparency of conventional photovoltaics, including thin-film technology, selective light-transmission technology, and luminescent solar concentrator technology. From fundamental research to commercialization of the TPV, three main perspectives should be considered: (1) high-power conversion efficiency at the same average visible transmittance; (2) aesthetic factors, which should not detract from applications such as buildings and vehicles; and (3) feasibility for real-world applications, including modularization and stability evaluation. We present the distinct analysis criteria for these main perspectives and discuss their importance. We also discuss possible research directions for the commercialization of TPVs.

结合了可见光透明性和太阳能转换的透明光伏（TPV）正在开发用于不太可能使用常规不透明太阳能电池的应用，例如建筑物或车辆的窗户。在本文中，我们回顾了TPV的最新进展，以及使传统光伏技术透明的策略，包括薄膜技术，选择性透光技术和发光太阳能聚光器技术。从TPV的基础研究到商业化，应考虑三个主要方面：（1）在相同的平均可见光透射率下具有高功率转换效率；（2）美观因素，不应影响建筑物和车辆等应用；（3）在实际应用中的可行性，包括模块化和稳定性评估。我们针对这些主要观点提出了不同的分析标准，并讨论了它们的重要性。我们还将讨论TPV商业化的可能研究方向。