Abstract Acid mine drainage (AMD) from historic and abandoned coal mine spoil represents a potential long-term source of contaminants to surface and groundwater. Determining the risk associated within AMD generation and metal(loid) transport from coal mine spoil is complicated by the heterogeneous natural of spoil heaps and mineralogical and hydro(bio)geochemical factors that may limit or promote metal(loid) transport. The current work aims to determine if primary, reduced phases such as pyrite continue to persist in abandoned and historic coal mine spoil. This objective was accomplished through characterization soils undergoing active weathering while developing on coal mine spoil in Appalachian Ohio to determine the factors that might limit oxidative dissolution. Soils in the Huff Run Watershed (Ohio, USA) were sampled at 0–10 cm, 30–40 cm, 70–80 cm, and 110–120 cm depth. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and synchrotron-based X-ray Microprobe (XMP) analyses were used to determine the speciation and distribution of metal(loid)s and the minerals they are associated with. The XMP analyses included micro-focused XRD (μ-XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (μ-XRF) element and redox state mapping, and X-ray absorption Near Edge Structure (μ-XANES) Spectroscopy. Soil mineralogy was dominated by quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, and feldspar, with minor amounts of chlorite and other phases including pyrite, arsenopyrite, realgar, orpiment, hematite, and goethite. Soils from all depths contained metal(loid)-sulfide particles with secondary mineral surface coatings, often in physically complex and heterogeneous aggregates that were composed of clay minerals and secondary Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides. These assemblages were typically 10–20 μm in diameter, with an individual pyrite particle core grain size ranging from 0.5 to 10 μm, and secondary mineral surface coatings ranging in thickness from undetectable to 1 μm. Within these aggregates, S and As were present as: (1) small (

中文翻译：

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历史煤矿弃土上发育的土壤中次生矿物涂层的形成和还原金属相的持续存在

摘要 来自历史和废弃煤矿弃土的酸性矿井排水 (AMD) 是地表和地下水潜在的长期污染物来源。由于矿渣堆的异质性以及可能限制或促进金属（液体）运输的矿物学和水（生物）地球化学因素，确定与 AMD 产生和来自煤矿弃土的金属（液体）运输相关的风险是复杂的。目前的工作旨在确定初级的、还原的阶段（如黄铁矿）是否继续存在于废弃的和历史悠久的煤矿弃土中。这一目标是通过表征在阿巴拉契亚俄亥俄州阿巴拉契亚的煤矿弃土上开发时经历活跃风化的土壤来实现的，以确定可能限制氧化溶解的因素。Huff Run 流域（美国俄亥俄州）的土壤在 0-10 厘米、30-40 厘米、70-80 厘米和 110-120 厘米深度。X 射线衍射 (XRD)、带能量色散光谱的扫描电子显微镜 (SEM-EDS) 和基于同步加速器的 X 射线微探针 (XMP) 分析用于确定金属（类）和矿物的形态和分布他们与。XMP 分析包括微聚焦 XRD (μ-XRD)、X 射线荧光 (μ-XRF) 元素和氧化还原状态映射，以及 X 射线吸收近边结构 (μ-XANES) 光谱。土壤矿物学以石英、白云母、高岭石和长石为主，含有少量绿泥石和其他相，包括黄铁矿、毒砂、雄黄、雌黄、赤铁矿和针铁矿。所有深度的土壤都含有具有次生矿物表面涂层的金属（类）-硫化物颗粒，通常在由粘土矿物和次级 Fe(III)-(羟基)氢氧化物组成的物理复杂和异质聚集体中。这些组合的直径通常为 10–20 μm，单个黄铁矿颗粒核心粒度范围为 0.5 到 10 μm，次生矿物表面涂层的厚度范围从无法检测到 1 μm。在这些聚合体中，S 和 As 表现为：(1) 小 (