Abstract Intensified rotations and increased reliance on agrochemical inputs in many parts of the Andean highlands generate concern for soil health, biodiversity, and key ecosystem functions that are essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and the well-being of smallholder communities throughout the region. Improved management of perennial vegetation within field margins represents a promising option currently being explored in many Andean communities, with the potential to better design these field margins to support multiple ecosystem services (ES). In this study we examined the effect of two types of common woody perennial field margins (eucalyptus vs. alder) on crop production and other soil-based ES at variable distances from the field edge. Sampling was conducted in twenty potato fields, ten with borders dominated by alder trees (Alnus acuminata) and another ten with eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). Within each field, transects (∼10 m) were established with six sampling points extending from the perennial field margins towards the center of the production field. At each point, a suite of ES was assessed including: nutrient provision (based on levels of SOM, pH, P, K, and N in the soil), biodiversity maintenance (ground vegetation and soil macrofauna), erosion control (infiltration, aggregation, bulk density), bio-control (occurrence of common crop pests/pathogens and predators) and crop production (potato yields and quality). The provision of ES was generally found to be higher in the field margins than in the arable fields. The dominant tree species in the field margin was also important, such that fields bordered by alder trees showed higher SOM, macrofauna diversity and aggregate stability compared to those bordered by eucalyptus trees. Fields bordered by eucalyptus trees showed higher values for overall vegetation diversity, pH and available phosphorus. While potato yields did not differ between fields bordered by alder vs. eucalyptus, potato pest pressure was higher in fields bordered by eucalyptus trees. Our findings suggest that improved management of perennial field margins can enhance the provision of multiple ES in agricultural landscapes of the Peruvian highlands.

中文翻译：

---

桉树和桤木田地边缘对秘鲁安第斯山脉农田内生态系统服务和生物多样性的影响不同

摘要 在安第斯高地的许多地区，轮作的加剧和对农用化学品投入的日益依赖引起了对土壤健康、生物多样性和关键生态系统功能的关注，这些功能对于维持整个地区的农业生产力和小农社区的福祉至关重要。改善田地边缘内多年生植被的管理是许多安第斯社区目前正在探索的有前景的选择，有可能更好地设计这些田地边缘以支持多种生态系统服务 (ES)。在这项研究中，我们研究了两种常见的多年生木本田地边缘（桉树与桤木）对作物生产和距田地边缘不同距离的其他基于土壤的 ES 的影响。抽样在 20 个马铃薯田中进行，10 个边界以桤木 (Alnus acuminata) 为主，另外 10 个边界以桉树 (Eucalyptus globulus) 为主。在每个田地内，建立了具有六个采样点的样带（~10 m），从多年生田地边缘向生产田的中心延伸。在每一点评估一套 ES，包括：养分供应（基于土壤中 SOM、pH、P、K 和 N 的水平）、生物多样性维护（地面植被和土壤大型动物）、侵蚀控制（渗透、聚集、容重）、生物防治（常见作物害虫/病原体和捕食者的发生）和作物生产（马铃薯产量和质量）。人们普遍发现，田地边缘的 ES 供应量高于可耕地。田边优势树种也很重要，因此，与桉树接壤的田地相比，桤木接壤的田地显示出更高的 SOM、大型动物群多样性和总体稳定性。以桉树为界的田地在整体植被多样性、pH 值和有效磷方面显示出更高的值。虽然赤杨与桉树接壤的田地之间的马铃薯产量没有差异，但桉树接壤的田地的马铃薯病虫害压力更高。我们的研究结果表明，改善多年生田地边缘的管理可以增强秘鲁高地农业景观中多种 ES 的供应。虽然赤杨与桉树接壤的田地之间的马铃薯产量没有差异，但桉树接壤的田地的马铃薯病虫害压力更高。我们的研究结果表明，改善多年生田地边缘的管理可以增强秘鲁高地农业景观中多种 ES 的供应。虽然赤杨与桉树接壤的田地之间的马铃薯产量没有差异，但桉树接壤的田地的马铃薯病虫害压力更高。我们的研究结果表明，改善多年生田地边缘的管理可以增强秘鲁高地农业景观中多种 ES 的供应。