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Exogenous application of glycine betaine alleviates cadmium toxicity in super black waxy maize by improving photosynthesis, the antioxidant system and glutathione-ascorbic acid cycle metabolites
Cereal Research Communications ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s42976-020-00062-9
Gensheng Zhang , Qingsong Ba , Sixiao Chen , Fangfang Liu , Guiping Li

This study was conducted to examine how glycine betaine (GB) ameliorates the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) in super black waxy maize. In a Cd toxicity test, biomass accumulation in maize seedlings decreased in comparison with those in the control group (CK). The maize plants exposed to Cd stress exhibited reductions in photosynthetic parameters [net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (E)], chlorophyll content and maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm). However, the exogenous application of GB alleviated the negative effects of Cd stress and increased the biomass, photosynthetic parameters (Pn, Gs, Ci, E), chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm of the seedlings. In addition, Cd can decrease the activity of antioxidant enzymes and ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase, but the activity of these enzymes increased following GB addition. Cd also increased markedly the content of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, but supplementation with GB significantly decreased their content. Furthermore, the levels of AsA and GSH decreased under treatment with Cd, but exogenous GB application increased the content of these compounds. This study shows that GB can alleviate Cd toxicity and provides a theoretical basis for super black maize resistance to heavy metal stress.

中文翻译:

外源施用甘氨酸甜菜碱通过改善光合作用、抗氧化系统和谷胱甘肽-抗坏血酸循环代谢产物减轻超黑糯玉米中的镉毒性

本研究旨在检查甘氨酸甜菜碱 (GB) 如何改善超黑糯玉米中镉 (Cd) 的毒性作用。在镉毒性试验中,与对照组(CK)相比,玉米幼苗中的生物量积累减少。暴露于 Cd 胁迫下的玉米植株表现出光合参数 [净光合速率 (Pn)、气孔导度 (Gs)、细胞内 CO2 浓度 (Ci) 和蒸腾速率 (E)]、叶绿素含量和最大光合效率 (Fv/Fm) 的降低)。然而,外源施用GB减轻了Cd胁迫的负面影响,增加了幼苗的生物量、光合参数(Pn、Gs、Ci、E)、叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm。此外,Cd可以降低抗氧化酶和抗坏血酸(AsA)-谷胱甘肽(GSH)循环酶的活性,如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶,但这些酶的活性增加在 GB 添加之后。Cd 也显着增加了活性氧和丙二醛的含量,但补充 GB 显着降低了它们的含量。此外,在 Cd 处理下 AsA 和 GSH 的水平降低,但外源性 GB 应用增加了这些化合物的含量。本研究表明GB可减轻Cd毒性,为超黑玉米抗重金属胁迫提供了理论依据。脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶,但这些酶的活性在添加 GB 后增加。Cd 也显着增加了活性氧和丙二醛的含量,但补充 GB 显着降低了它们的含量。此外,用 Cd 处理后 AsA 和 GSH 的水平降低,但外源性 GB 应用增加了这些化合物的含量。本研究表明GB可减轻Cd毒性,为超黑玉米抗重金属胁迫提供理论依据。脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶,但这些酶的活性在添加 GB 后增加。Cd 也显着增加了活性氧和丙二醛的含量,但补充 GB 显着降低了它们的含量。此外,用 Cd 处理后 AsA 和 GSH 的水平降低,但外源性 GB 应用增加了这些化合物的含量。本研究表明GB可减轻Cd毒性,为超黑玉米抗重金属胁迫提供了理论依据。但补充GB显着降低了它们的含量。此外,用 Cd 处理后 AsA 和 GSH 的水平降低,但外源性 GB 应用增加了这些化合物的含量。本研究表明GB可减轻Cd毒性,为超黑玉米抗重金属胁迫提供了理论依据。但补充GB显着降低了它们的含量。此外,用 Cd 处理后 AsA 和 GSH 的水平降低,但外源性 GB 应用增加了这些化合物的含量。本研究表明GB可减轻Cd毒性,为超黑玉米抗重金属胁迫提供了理论依据。
更新日期:2020-08-05
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